15.3 Friday

Before the bell Make a list of all the political parties you know and what they stand for

15.3 Originally Texas did not have political parties. But by the 1840 the Texans had begin joining the Democratic and Whig parties. The United States however had a 4 party system.

Positions of Political Parties and Texas Politics 15.3 Positions of Political Parties and Texas Politics Democratic Party – favored farmers and small businesses popular across South; supported Texas annexation; strong support Whig Party – favored banking and large businesses; opposed Texas annexation; broke apart in mid 1850s over slavery; little support Republican Party – formed by northern Whigs and others; opposed spread of slavery; little support Know-Nothing Party (American Party)– supported slavery; opposed immigrants and Catholics in government; faded in 1857; some support

Early Governors of Texas The Democratic party was so powerful in Texas that every governor elected between 1845 and 1857 was a Democrat.

Early Governors of Texas (don’t write the underlined stuff) James Pinckney Henderson – 1845 About two months after he became governor, war broke out between the United States and Mexico. Henderson, who had served as a general in the Texas Revolution, asked the legislature for permission to step down from his office temporarily to rejoin the military. Lieutenant Governor Albert C. Horton fulfilled the governor’s duties during this time. When the war ended, Henderson resumed his office. (he chose not to run for a second term).​

Early Governors of Texas George T. Wood – 1847 a plantation owner and friend of Sam Houston’s. Frontier defense and disputes over boundaries were key issues during his administration. ran for re-election in 1849 defeated by Houston’s opponents.

Early Governors of Texas Peter Hansbouorgh Bell 1849 – 51 a veteran of the Texas Revolution. his two terms as governor, tried to add part of New Mexico to Texas resigned to take a seat in the U.S. Congress.

Early Governors of Texas J.W. Henderson – 28 remaining days of Bell’s term

Early Governors of Texas an active popular governor Elisha M. Pease – 1853; 1855 an active popular governor supported education and other reforms. worked to improve financial situation. Served two terms, Pease paid off the state’s debt Built the Governor’s Mansion, the General Land Office building, and the former capitol

Early Governors of Texas Hardin Runnels – 1857 Defeated Houston, only election he ever lost. conflicts between settlers and American Indians increased. unable to deal with the problem effectively..

Early Governors of Texas Sam Houston – 1859 With that victory, Houston became the only person to serve Texas as army commander, president of the Republic, senator, and governor

Debt and Land At the time of annexation, Texas owed some $10 million. the state was responsible for paying this debt. The debt reaching more than $12 million by 1850. Compromise of 1850, Texas gave up its claim to 67 million acres of land in present-day Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. the debt was paid off completely by 1855. The state also set aside land for colleges, public schools, and universities. land was designated for roads, harbors, and railroads. By 1898 there was no unclaimed public land left in Texas.

Know-Nothing (American) Party Political Party Democratic Party Whig Party Republican Party Know-Nothing (American) Party Texas Support Description favored farmers and small businesses; popular across South; supported Texas annexation strong support; dominant party favored banking and large businesses; opposed Texas annexation; broke apart in mid-1850s over slavery little support formed by northern Whigs and others; opposed spread of slavery little support formed mid-1850s; supported slavery; opposed immigrants and Catholics in government; faded by 1857 some support

1. The United States had a(n) _______________________-party political system. 2. The ___________________________ Party generally represented the views of farmers and owners of small businesses. 3. The Democratic Party was very strong throughout the ___________________, where most Texas leaders came from originally. 4. Members of the _______________________ Party supported banking and large business interests. 5. In the mid-1850s the Whig Party fell apart when its members became divided over the issue of _______________________. 6. The American Party, also known as the _______________________________ Party, supported slavery and wanted to keep immigrants and Catholics out of government. 7. In 1847 Texas voters chose _________________________________________ as their new governor. 8. Peter Hansborough ________________________ served as the Texas governor for two terms but resigned a few months early to take a seat in the U.S. Senate. 9. In 1857 _________________________________ ran against Hardin Runnels for the governorship, but he lost to Runnels. 10. Under the terms of its annexation resolution, Texas was responsible for paying its $10 million debt by selling some of its public ______________________