Rise of Napoleon Influenced by the Enlightenment Gained acclaim through military exploits Siege of Toulon Napoleon defends the National Convention from a royalist rebellion (1795) Fist Consul (1799-1804) Napoleon organizes a military coup of the Directory Becomes First Consul through new Constitution Napoleon helped rewrite Voted on by the people, results illegally altered Invades North Italy, kicks out Austrians Becomes Consul for Life (1802)

Napoleon as Emperor Crowned himself as Emperor of France (1804-1814) Also King of Italy (1805-1814) Napoleonic Code Standardized the laws in France All people equal before the law Encouraged education Invest in public works projects Made easily accessible to all French citizens French Colonies Rebellion in Saint-Dominque (Haiti) Sells U.S. the Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon and Religion Concordat of 1801 Repaired relationship with the Catholic Church France kept church lands, reinstated church as religion of France Still had power over the Church Arrested the Pope in 1809 Gave rights to Jews Encouraged their emigration to France

Napoleon’s Grand Empire Napoleon’s laws and customs were adopted by Countries he conquered Increased French territory Confederation of the Rhine Took apart the HRE, reorganized German territories Placed relatives in charge of other kingdoms Continental System Napoleon bans all trade to Great Britain for European nations Intended drain Great Britain’s resources, economy Doesn’t hurt Great Britain the way Napoleon intended Russia refuses to follow, trades with Great Britain

Military Genius Grande Armée (Grand Army) Moved quick, organized, believed in Napoleon Rank based on merit, not nobility Faced constant coalitions of other European nations Battle of Austerlitz Napoleon’s greatest military achievement

Invasion of Russia (June-December 1812) Russian strategy of burn and run Scorched-Earth policy Kept French from acquiring food/supplies/shelter Mikhail Kutuzov Battle of Borodino Bloody battle for both sides, defeat for Napoleon Napoleon arrives to Moscow, city abandoned and burned down Makes obvious the need for retreat Napoleon loses majority of his army

Elba (May 1814 – February 1815) European leaders form another coalition against France Able to invade Paris, puts pressure on Napoleon Napoleon abdicates as Emperor, April 1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) Louis XVIII becomes King of France Allies exile Napoleon to an island in the Mediterranean Napoleon runs Elba, makes key improvements Congress of Vienna Allies decide what to do in Europe Talleyrand represents France Klemens von Metternich

Hundred Days (March-July 1815) Bourbon Restoration Return of the monarchy to France, replace Napoleon Napoleon hears rumors of discontent in France Napoleon returns to France, celebrated by the people King Louis XVIII flees Napoleon facing quick opposition from coalition Must strike quick, win, and negotiate from position of power Struggles to build up army large enough to defeat other nations together

Battle of Waterloo (1815) Trying to defeat English, then Prussian armies British led by Duke of Wellington Napoleon close to victory Prussian army arrives just in time to provide reinforcements Napoleon defeated, forced to abdicate the crown a second time Napoleon exiled to St. Helena in the middle of the Atlantic ocean (1815-1821) Would die here a few years later

Napoleon Bonaparte Videos https://youtu.be/Qb7ksUg4wBQ A Brief History of the Napoleonic Wars https://youtu.be/DRUx61plsz4 Siege of Toulon – Epic History https://youtu.be/bhQe2cjr5XQ Battle of Austerlitz – Epic History https://youtu.be/puZh2LARvHU Napoleon’s Encounter with Ney https://youtu.be/nDZGL1xsqzs Battle of Waterloo – Epic History https://youtu.be/8aq_gRfmjgY History vs. Napoleon – TedEd