Setting a common vision of culture in Jordan – A national consultative workshop in partnership with the Ministry of Culture-Jordan National Consultative Workshop  

The multiple dimensions of the cultural sector and its contributions to the development of societies N. Lahbil Tagemouati Amman, 14-15 mai 2016

Culture & development- few data The sector, broadly considered, accounted for 3.4% of global GDP in 2007 = almost double international tourism receipts. The cultural and creative industries contribute around 2.6% of the total GDP in the E.U and 6.4% in the US the creative and cultural industries are one of the most dynamic and rapidly expanding sectors in the global economy, The demand and consumption of cultural and creative products and media services is also expanding exponentially, driven by the increasing importance of digital and mobile distribution and the changes in the ways culture is being created and distributed. Source: UNESCO - 2014

Contents I. Introduction & Definition of notions: Development / growth Cultural sector Cultural goods and services II. The UNESCO Culture for Development Indicators (CDIS) Culture: 7 dimensions & 22 indicators. III. Stakes of culture and it’s relationship with economical field

I. Definition: Development &Growth ‘’ …the process of enlarging people’s choice (that…) enhances the effective freedom of the people involved to pursue whatever they have reason to value.’’ Growth: increase, during a long term, of the Gross Domestic Product .

Cultural Sector : wide & slippery boundaries. Why the UNESCO definition? International institution. Many conventions about culture and diversity. A wide and comprehensive framework for culture.

UNESCO- CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE DIVERSITY OF CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS - PREAMBLE- Paris 2005/10/20 Preamble Recognizing the importance of intellectual property rights in sustaining those involved in cultural creativity Being convinced that cultural activities, goods and services have both an economic and a cultural nature, because they convey identities, values and meanings, and must therefore not be treated as solely having commercial value,

Convention on the Protection and Promotion of Diversity of Cultural Expressions - UNESCO 2005 Objectives: (f) reaffirm the importance of the link between culture and development for all countries, particularly for developing countries, and to support actions undertaken nationally and internationally to secure recognition of the true value of this link; (g) give recognition to the distinctive nature of cultural activities, goods and services as vehicles of identity, values and meaning;

Definition of the culture sector A double definition: anthropological/sociological and functional Culture is a set of faiths, customs, values, practices which are common or shared by a group. It has to do with 3 elements: The concerned activities are related to a certain creativity in their production. The activities have something to do with the production and the communication of symbols. The activities have, at least potentially, a certain shape of intellectual property.

Definition of cultural goods & services Cultural goods and services: it’s goods and services that are different from economical goods and services because they include aesthetic, artistic, symbolic and spiritual values.

II. Culture sector: 7 dimensions & 22 Indicators (UNESCO Framework)

Household expenditures Cultural sector Economy GDP Household expenditures Employment Social Education Governance Social participation Gender Equality Communication Heritage

Cultural & Economic fields: Discourses and logics that are different.

Household expenditures Economy GDP Employment Household expenditures Education Inclusive education Multilingual education Arts education Professional training Governance Standard setting framework Policy & institutional Framework Infrastructure Civil society in governance Interpersonal trust Social Participation Going out participation Identity- building participation Intercultural trust Gender Equity Gender equity outputs Gender equity perception communication Freedom of expression Internet use Diversity of media content Cultural Heritage Heritage sustainability

7 dimensions That mesure the …. Economy Contribution of the cultural sector to the economical development. Education Priority given by public authorities to support an education system that offers the broadest possible coverage, values diversity and openness, and promotes a competitive and creative class Governance Public commitment towards creating the conditions to structure the cultural sector , strengthen cultural processes, and promote diversity of views and voice. Social Participation Way in which cultural practices, values and attitudes may orient behavior, inclusion, cooperation and individual empowerment Gender Equity Objectives and subjective gaps between women and men in their opportunities and rights to take part in cultural social, economic and political life. communication Conditions of access, enjoyment of diverse content and freedom of expression Cultural Heritage Public commitment to set up and enforce standards, policies and measures to protect and promote heritage, while ensuring access and sustainability.

ICDU– 7 dimensions 7 dimensions That mesure the … Economy GDP – Employment – Household expenditures Education Inclusive education, multilingual education, arts education, professional training Governance Standard setting framework, policy and institutional framework, infrastructure, civil society in governance. Social participation Going out participation, identity building participation, intercultural trust, interpersonal trust, self determination Gender equality Gender equality outputs, perception of gender equality communication Freedom of expression, internet use, diversity of media contents Heritage Heritage sustainability

Example: relationship between education and growth It is estimated that each additional year of schooling raises average annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth by 0.37%. Economic growth in Jordan 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 GDP Rate % 2,6 2,7 2,8 3,1 2,4

III. Stakes for culture. Articulation, complementarity and tension between culture and economy. Being aware about the whole contribution of the cultural sector to the development. Culture is not only a luxury activities for rich people. Communication about the very specific discourse of the culture.

Complementarity Economy Culture Discourse of Culture Discourse of the economy. Social link Cohesion Identity Values … Market Management Profit … Tension