Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength between resin cement and differently sintered zirconium-oxide ceramics  Murat Yenisey, Doğu Ömür Dede, Nergiz Rona  Journal of Prosthodontic Research  Volume 60, Issue 1, Pages 36-46 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.09.001 Copyright © 2015 Japan Prosthodontic Society Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 SEM images of non-abraded Ss and Ls zirconia specimens (a) Ss-GC, (b) Ls-GC. Relatively smooth surfaces of both Ss and Ls specimens. Oblique stripes with micro-pores and cavities can be seen on the surface of Ls-GC specimen. (c) Ss-GSil, (d) Ls-GSil, (e) Ss-GSilPen, (f) Ls-GSilPen. Rare nano-silica particles are encountered on the relatively smooth surfaces of each specimen. A vertical stripe with micro-pores, cavities can also be detected on Ls-GSil specimen. Journal of Prosthodontic Research 2016 60, 36-46DOI: (10.1016/j.jpor.2015.09.001) Copyright © 2015 Japan Prosthodontic Society Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 SEM images of air abraded zirconia specimens. These images show the prominent changes of the topographic texture. (a) Ss-GSb, (b) Ls-GSb. Significant irregularities for each and embedded alumina particles can be identified for Ss specimen. (c) Ss-GSbSil, (d) Ls-GSbSil. Rare nano-silica particles are encountered on the abraded surfaced of each specimens. Journal of Prosthodontic Research 2016 60, 36-46DOI: (10.1016/j.jpor.2015.09.001) Copyright © 2015 Japan Prosthodontic Society Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 SEM images of air abraded and tribochemical silica coated zirconia specimens. (a) Ss-GSbCoSil, (b) Ls-GSbCoSil. Dense cluster of nano-silica particles covered the abraded surfaced of each specimen. (c) Ss-GSbRoSil, (d) Ls-GSbRoSil. Nano-silica particles covered loosely the abraded surfaces of specimens and thin melted layers can be seen on the surface of Ss specimen. Journal of Prosthodontic Research 2016 60, 36-46DOI: (10.1016/j.jpor.2015.09.001) Copyright © 2015 Japan Prosthodontic Society Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 SEM images of air abraded and some additional techniques applied zirconia specimens. (a) Ss-GSbDSil, (b) Ls-GSbDSil. Moderately spread of nano-silica particles, flaws displayed on the surface of Ss specimen and rare nano-silica particles covered the abraded surface of Ls specimen. (c) Ss-GSbSilPen, (d) Ls-GSbSilPen. Rare nano-silica particles displayed on the irregular surface of Ls, a denser layer displayed on Ss. (e) Ss-GSbLSil, (f) Ls-GSbLSil. Rare nano-silica particles can be seen on the sharp-edged rough surfaces of both specimens. Journal of Prosthodontic Research 2016 60, 36-46DOI: (10.1016/j.jpor.2015.09.001) Copyright © 2015 Japan Prosthodontic Society Terms and Conditions