Vascular endothelial growth factor transgene expression in cell-transplanted hearts Terrence M. Yau, MD, MSc, Guangming Li, MD, Richard D Weisel, MD,

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Vascular endothelial growth factor transgene expression in cell-transplanted hearts Terrence M. Yau, MD, MSc, Guangming Li, MD, Richard D Weisel, MD, Adili Reheman, MD, Zhi-Qiang Jia, MD, Donald A.G Mickle, MD, Ren-Ke Li, MD, PhD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 127, Issue 4, Pages 1180-1187 (April 2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.09.052

Figure 1 VEGF mRNA expression in rat hearts transplanted with heart cells (HC), VEGF-transfected heart cells (HC+), skeletal myoblasts (Sk), VEGF-transfected skeletal myoblasts (Sk+), or medium alone (Ctrl) evaluated by means of quantitative PCR at 3 days (A), 1 week (B), 2 weeks (C), or 4 weeks (D). Transplantation with heart cells and skeletal myoblasts induced greater VEGF expression than that of the control hearts, and VEGF mRNA levels in HC+ and Sk+ hearts were markedly increased over those in the HC and Sk groups. VEGF expression was greatest in the scar, intermediate in the border zone, and did not differ from control values in the normal myocardium. Expression was limited to 4 weeks. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2004 127, 1180-1187DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.09.052)

Figure 2 Laser confocal micrographs of serial sections of the scar of a rat heart transplanted with VEGF-transfected heart cells (HC+) after DAPI (blue) staining of all cell nuclei (A), BrdU (green) staining of transplanted cell nuclei (B), DAPI (blue) staining of all cell nuclei and VEGF (red) staining (C), or BrdU (yellow) staining of transplanted cell nuclei and VEGF (red) staining (D). (Original magnification 1000×.) DAPI-positive and BrdU-positive nuclei (white arrows) represent transplanted cells. DAPI-positive and BrdU-negative nuclei (yellow arrows) might represent either BrdU-unlabeled transplanted cells or host cells. Cytoplasmic VEGF protein (red) surrounds both the BrdU-positive nuclei and the smaller number of BrdU-negative nuclei. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2004 127, 1180-1187DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.09.052)

Figure 3 Conventional light photomicrograph of the scar of a rat heart transplanted with VEGF-transfected heart cells (HC+) after immunostaining for BrdU. BrdU-positive transplanted cells (arrows) are observed in the endothelial cell layer of this capillary. (Original magnification 600×.) The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2004 127, 1180-1187DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.09.052)