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The Union Many more factories, people, & railroads Huge advantage in weapons & military Stronger political structure The Confederacy Brilliant military commanders Battles fought mostly on their land Great desire for victory

American Against American Abraham Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, had family fighting for the Confederacy John Crittenden, a senator from Kentucky had two sons- one fought for the Union (North), one fought for the Confederacy (South). Military Officers- Robert E. Lee (Confederate), William Tecumseh Sherman (Union) and George McClellan Union) all went to the same military school. Families and friends were divided

Civil War Facts 1/2 million people were killed or wounded in the Civil War 60 % of the fighting took place in Virginia

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Union fort in South Carolina President Lincoln sends resources for soldiers trapped in Confederate territory On April 12, 1861 the Confederates bombarded the fort The Civil War begins lukerosa@gmail.com

First major land battle of the war Takes place outside Manassas, VA between DC and Richmond Shocking defeat for the Union- General McDowell 30,000 inexperienced Union Troops attacked a smaller Confederate Force A larger 2nd Battle of Bull Run will be fought 1 year later

The Union soldiers drove the Confederates back but the Confederates regrouped under the direction of General Thomas Jackson. He held their ground like a stonewall, which gave him the nickname “Stonewall Jackson” The Confederates let out an unearthly scream called a “rebel yell” and charged the Union army The Union army was so frightened that they ran away!

Stonewall Jackson He led a valley campaign for 3 months in 1862. He liked to suck on lemons all the time. He said, “If this Valley is lost, Virginia is lost.” His military reputation is perhaps greater than any other Civil War General because he won with a smaller army the majority of the time.

The Monitor vs. the Merrimac The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

War at Sea The North tried to block the South’s coast with ships called “blockade runners”. They could sail in and out of the South’s ports. In the beginning of the war, they did not have enough ships, but by the end they had built many more This caused serious problems for the South because it reduced their amount of trade by 2/3 The South then took an abandoned Union warship called the “Merrimack”, put iron on the sides and called it the “Virginia”

Within the battles that took place at sea, this newer weapon was used called an “ironclad”, an armed naval ship. Cannons would bounce off the walls, although it created a loud sound for the sailors. Many of them lost their hearing. War at Sea

The Battle of the Ironclads March 8-9, 1862 The battle took place in Hampton Roads, VA. The North challenged the Confederate ship with the northern iron ship called the Monitor.

The Ironclads The two iron ships fought for 5 hours and even collided 5 times. Neither side won except the North kept the South from getting supplies from the rest of the world.

April 1862 Trying to gain control of the Mississippi & Tennessee Rivers Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant invades Shiloh Tennessee with 40,000 soldiers Bloody battle shows that the North will do what it takes to preserve the Union – 20,000 causalities (dead & wounded)

2nd Manassas or 2nd Bull Run August 29-30, 1862 The general for the Confederates was Stonewall Jackson. The general for the Yankees was John Pope. The North lost 16,000 soldiers while the South lost only 9,000 The South won the battle.

General Robert E. Lee invades Maryland in September 1862 Bloodiest single day in American history – 23,000 casualties Confederate army retreats back to the South Union General George McClellan relieved of command in favor of Grant

2 Union Soldiers found the document of Lee’s orders for attack Jefferson Davis thought if they got 1 more win, England & France might help the South 2 Union Soldiers found the document of Lee’s orders for attack They knew what was going to happen! The South used rocks when they ran out of ammunition © Students of History - http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History