Macromolecules Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Macromolecules Large organic molecules Necessary for life Contain carbon Made by living organisms Necessary for life Made by combining smaller molecules Polymers—made of repeating sub-units called monomers. Examples: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids

Four classes of Macromolecules - Proteins - Carbohydrates - Nucleic Acids - Lipids

Proteins Building Blocks = Amino Acids Examples: ( pictures used with permission of Molymod, Inc.) Tryptophan Histidine Leucine

Proteins Functions Structure (component of tissues and organs) Movement Communication between cells Storage of materials Transport of materials Metabolic reactions (enzymes) Protection from foreign materials (antibodies)

Carbohydrates Building Blocks = Monosaccharides Mono = one Saccharide = sugar Examples of Monosaccharides Glucose Fructose Galactose

Carbohydrates Large carbohydrates = Polysaccharides Poly = many Saccharide = sugars Examples of Polysaccharides Starch Glycogen Cellulose

Carbohydrates Functions Energy source Structure Store energy for later use Cell communication

Nucleic Acids Building Blocks = Nucleotide Two types of nucleic acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Nucleic Acids Functions: Passing traits from generation to generation Protein production

Lipids: Not a polymer—no single type of building block Made of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms Examples: Fats (triglycerides) Steroids Oils and waxes Phospholipids Fat soluble vitamins (A,E,D, and K)

Lipids Functions: Long term energy storage (triglycerides) Cell communication (steroid hormones) Structural (component of cell membranes) Insulation Protection (wax)