Point Mutations Biology Mrs. Harper 2/2/18

February 2, 2018 Begin working on Do Now You will receive your quiz grade at the end of the class period!

Do Now 11/23/15 On a pedigree, how do you know if a genetic trait is dominant? How do you know if a trait is recessive? How do you know if a trait is autosomal? How do you know if a trait is sex-linked? What represents females on a pedigree? What represents males on a pedigree? What represents affected individuals? What represents carriers?

Connections What do you think of when you hear the word mutation? What are some examples of mutations you have seen in the media (movies and tv shows, etc)?

What is a mutation? Before a cell divides, its DNA must replicate which normally occurs without error. A mutation is when DNA does NOT replicate correctly which leads to a change in the gene or chromosome.

Point Mutations A point mutation is one type of mutation caused by a change in a single nucleotide. This mutation results when a DNA nucleotide is added, removed or replaced by a different nucleotide.

Substitution Substitution is a point mutation in which one base replaces another. Affects only one codon, so it only changes one amino acid.

Insertion Insertion is the addition of one or more bases to a nucleotide sequence. This mutation will alter the rest of the nucleotide sequence and change arrangement of codons.

Deletion Deletion is the removal of one or more bases from the nucleotide sequence. Just like with insertion, the deletion affects the rest of the polypeptide chain.

Practice Name the type of mutation (substitution, insertion, or deletion) Sequence: ACTGTAA Mutated: AATGTAA Sequence: CTACGGA Mutated: CTCGGA Sequence: TGAGACC Mutated: TGAGATTCC Substitution -A replaced the C Deletion -A was removed Insertion -Two T’s were added

Extra Practice Sequence: ACTAGGAC Mutated: ACTAGGGAC   Sequence: CCTTAAGAC Mutated: CCTAAGAC Insertion -G was added Deletion -T was removed

Assignment Now, we are going to work independently on CODE RED on our Point Mutations worksheet. I will return your quizzes shortly. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlhpvcgK_28 (video if needed)