Structure and Function of Cells Organelle – “little organ” these are the structures found in cells that carry out the activities of life within the cell

Cell Membrane Outer boundary of cell Protects the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Also called – plasma membrane Is semi-permeable

Cell Wall Only found in plant cells Adds protection and support Made of cellulose. Allows water and dissolved substances to pass through.

The Nucleus Controls most activities in the cell Contains all genetic information in the form of DNA.

Nucleolus Contained in the nucleus and is responsible for producing ribosomes. Nucleolus

Chromatin DNA – Inside the nucleus and contains the blueprint or genes of the organism. Nucleus

Cytoplasm Clear fluid within cell that contains all organelles Moves materials throughout the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Series of folded membranes that form sacs or tubes Rough ER has ribosomes attached Transports chemicals between cells and within cells provides a large surface area for the organization of chemical   - reactions and synthesis

Ribosomes Transports materials between the cytoplasm and nucleus Makes proteins in the cell May be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER Proteins are vital to life- all cells must produce them

Golgi Bodies Saclike membranes used for storing/ packaging of chemicals Cells that make saliva or mucus have many Golgi bodies

Mitochondria Energy producers Powerhouse of the cell Oval-shaped Many mitochondria in muscle cells

Chloroplast Only found in plants/ algae Contain food or pigments Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll This is where photosynthesis happens!!

Vacuoles Store food, water, or waste materials Plant cells have large vacuoles – to store water Animal cells have small vacuoles