What’s Happening? 1960-NFL’s Chicago Cardinals move to St. Louis (later move to AZ) 1960- Chubby Checker introduced the Twist 1960- Flintstones premiered 1961- Pillsbury Dough Boy introduced 1961- Ernest Hemingway committed suicide 1961- surfers in CA started new craze- “skateboarding” 1961- Sprite introduced 1962- Marvel comics introduced Spiderman 1962- Marilyn Monroe died 1963- 1st James Bond movie, Dr. No, released 1964-Ford introduced the Mustang 1965- Cassius Clay changed his name to Muhammad Ali 1965- Univ of Florida professor invented Gatorade

The Early Sixties

Election of 1960 Richard M. Nixon vs John F. Kennedy First nationally televised debates- JFK seemed confident and vigorous; Nixon looked nervous and unsure Those who listened on the radio thought Nixon won the debate; those who watch tv thought JFK won Extremely close election JFK won

John F. Kennedy 35th President 1961-1963 Democrat First Lady- Jackie 2 kids VP- Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) First president born in the 20th century Youngest president elected (age 43)

Bay of Pigs Invasion Plan had been made to help Cuban exiles invade Cuba Invasion began on April 17th, 1961 It was a disaster- The New York Times had found out about it and Cuban intelligence agents also found out about it and Cuba’s military was ready JFK wanted to deny direct involvement so he cancelled the promised US air support Mission failed in four days and 1200 invaders were captured JFK was upset and embarrassed but took full responsibility

Cuban Missile Crisis Kruschev (USSR) placed offensive weapons in Cuba and aerial photos showed the launch pads JFK called a group of advisers to consider response- decided to set up blockade of Cuba Oct 22nd, 1962 JFK told a stunned nation what was going on and placed armed forces on full alert Soviet ships continued toward Cuba- possibility of war if the Soviets ran the blockade Kruschev ordered the ships back and missile bases to be taken apart; US promised not to invade Cuba

Space Race April 1961- Yuri Gagarin of the USSR became first person to orbit the earth May 1961- Alan Shepard Jr. became first American in Space February 1962 John Glenn became first American to orbit the Earth July 20th, 1969 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to walk on the moon

March on Washington August 28th, 1963 more than 200,000 people marched in Washington, DC to demand racial equality They listened to civil rights leaders make speeches calling for justice High point was MLK Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech Civil Rights movement would continue to fight for equality throughout the 1960s

November 22nd, 1963 JFK went to Dallas on a political tour Presidential motorcade carrying the president, first lady, governor and first lady of Texas, and the vice president and Mrs. Johnson drove through Dallas to the sound of cheering crowds Shots rang out; lots of confusion-presidential limo sped to Parkland Memorial Hospital, but it was too late Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president on Air Force One that afternoon Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the assassination; two days later was killed by Jack Ruby