Extended Metaphor and the Gettysburg Address Andrew C. Jackson 9 November, 2010 The day before, students should read and annotate and number the paragraphs for “The 150-Year War”, by Tony Horowitz. They should circle at least 5 words that they don’t know or don’t see used often.

The Civil War by Ken Burns Released in 1990, it was a documentary that exceeded 10 hours and won multiple awards. This clip, from the episode “The Universe of Battle”, shows some context of why Lincoln went to Gettysburg in November, 1863 to help to dedicate our first national cemetery.

The Civil War, cont. (map of Pickett’s charge on day 3) Point out Cemetery Ridge and Cemetery Hill on the center of the map. Lincoln will deliver his speech there later in the year.

The Civil War, cont. There were still unfinished graves from July when Lincoln arrived in November. It was primarily the citizens of Gettysburg who took care of the casualties. Photographers of the era took many photos of the dead and they appeared in various newspapers of the day. Note how the images in the video clip affect the meaning of Lincoln’s words. 8 minutes/30 minutes total

Reproduction of President Lincoln’s draft (page 1) It has been reported that Lincoln wrote the address on the train to Gettysburg on an envelope, but this document suggests otherwise.

Reproduction of President Lincoln’s draft (page 2) 1 minute/31 minutes total.

The speech that the world will “little note” I need a volunteer to read one paragraph of the speech aloud. Take a minute to circle the most important word in the opening paragraph regarding the speech as a whole. 9 minutes/40 minutes total

Understanding the speech Paragraph 1 (symbolizes the past) What is a score? What does “four score and seven” total? What year is he referring to? What happened then? 2 minutes/42 minutes total

Understanding the speech, cont. Paragraph 2 (symbolizes the events of 1863) What just happened in July, 1863? What is happening on the day that the speech is delivered? 2 minutes, 44 minutes total.

Understanding the speech, cont. Paragraph 3 (symbolizes the future) Why can the ground not be hallowed by us? What is the irony in the line “the world will little note…” What is our job as citizens? What is he referring to with the “new birth of freedom?” 3 minutes/47 minute total

The most important word is… Conceived

Conceived Why? It is connected to the concept of the “new birth of freedom”. Basically, Lincoln felt that we never really will be a country until we free the slaves (which even in the North was often a debatable topic). 2 minutes/49 minutes total

Extended metaphor Defined as: – a metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. Lincoln is arguing that for the past 87 years, the country is essentially a fetus. The country will not be “born” until the precept “all men are created equal” applies to everybody. This is a marked departure to his position about slavery while running for President in 1860. 2 minutes/51 minutes total.

Connection to Pericles and Ancient Greece In “Pericles’ Funeral Oration” he explores many of the same themes that Lincoln did, especially: Honoring the dead The power of democracy Soldiers cannot die in vain The people will experience a rebirth.

Here endeth the Lesson Andrew C. Jackson November 9, 2010 Are there any questions? Please turn in the type I and source summary #3. I won’t be here tomorrow because of the AP conference. My dad is coming in on Thursday to speak to our class for some part or the whole hour. SS #4 and 5 are not due until Friday.