A Randomized Controlled Trial of Bupivacaine Through Intracostal Catheters for Pain Management After Thoracotomy Mark S. Allen, MD, Lisa Halgren, RN, Francis C. Nichols, MD, Stephen D. Cassivi, MD, William S. Harmsen, MS, Dennis A. Wigle, MD, K. Robert Shen, MD, Claude Deschamps, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 88, Issue 3, Pages 903-910 (September 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.139 Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 1 The positions of the two catheters that infused either saline or bupivacaine are demonstrated. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.139) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 2 Average daily narcotic usage. (Bupivacaine = solid line; placebo dotted line.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.139) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 3 Average daily pain score. (Bupivacaine = solid line; placebo dotted line.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.139) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions