Process of meiosis

Asexual vs. sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Uses only ________Produces clones—genetically identical offspring Fast and effective reproduction to spread organism No________ Combination of two ______sex cells Fertilization: Combines genetic information from two separate cells with ½ of the original genetic information of parent organism ________are from separate parents. (female = egg, male = sperm) _______ (new individual) has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Process changes diploid cells to haploid gametes—leading to an increase in ______ of offspring

Asexual vs. sexual reproduction What is the advantage of an organism that reproduces sexually rather than asexually? An organism that reproduces sexually will have _______ genetic diversity than one that reproduces asexually.

Meiosis i Four Phases: Genetic diversity results from meiosis I. Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I (and) Telophase I Genetic diversity results from meiosis I.

Prophase I ____________ (same) chromosomes pair (synapsis) Homologous pairs called tetrads (bivalents)—two chromosome with four chromatids Nuclear membrane dissolves Chromosomes attach to ______ fibers and begin to move

Metaphase I Homologous chromosomes (tetrads or bivalents) line up at the equator to form tetrads. Random orientation results in diversity. _________ chance of getting either parent’s homologue for each chromosome Tetrad

Anaphase I Homologous chromosomes separate. Chromosomes with ______ chromatids move to opposite poles.

Telophase I Nuclear membrane begins to _____ Cell may quickly move to meoisis II

Meiosis II Similar to mitosis BUT no synthesis phase (no DNA replication) Chromatids are NOT identical because of _________ over (recombination). Separates chromatids and produces two daughter cells with ____ chromosomes that have one chromatid each

Important Concepts!!! Crossing Over: Exchange of genetic information between _________ chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes and genetic________

Important Concepts!!! Independent Assortment: Chromosomes randomly line up during metaphase I, and there are various ways that the homologous chromosomes may line up—again resulting in genetic____________.