Chapter 2 Section 3: The Southern Colonies

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjmXzYdxuTQ

Objectives Describe how Jamestown was settled, why the colony struggled, and how it survived. Explain the relationship of Indians and settlers in the Southern Colonies. Discuss the settlement of Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia.

Terms and People charter – a certificate of permission from the king to colonize an area in the Americas joint-stock company – a group of investors in the colonizing effort who shared in profits and losses of a colony Powhatan – powerful chief of 30 Indian tribes in area of Jamestown colony John Smith – leader in Jamestown colony House of Burgesses – first representative body in colonial America

Terms and People (continued) proprietary colonies – English colonies in America that belonged to powerful individuals or companies Bacon’s Rebellion – a revolt in September 1676, where Nathaniel Bacon marched his armed followers to Jamestown, drove out the governor, and burned the town Lord Baltimore – owner and governor of the colony of Maryland James Oglethorpe – leader of the colony of Georgia

Terms and People (continued) royal colonies – English colonies in America that belonged to the crown

What were the government and economy like in the Southern Colonies? Since the area was not colonized by Spain and France, England established colonies along the southern Atlantic coast. First 2 colonies: Roanoke (1580’s) Jamestown (1607)

Roanoke England’s first attempt at creating a permanent settlement that failed “The Lost Colony”- All of the colonist died or disappeared and nobody knows what happened.

Roanoke: The Lost Colony https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8sJFGp6120 Roanoke: The Lost Colony List the 5 theories about why the Roanoke Colony disappeared

Southern Colonies: Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Jamestown: Located on the Chesapeake Bay, had fertile land and rivers. At first, colonists suffered from disease and hunger. Many early colonists refused to farm and instead searched for gold and silver.

Jamestown colonists built a fort Jamestown colonists built a fort. The tribes living in the area had a powerful leader, Chief Powhatan. The 2 groups couldn’t get along, and war broke out.

Powhatan’s daughter, Pocahontas, was captured by the English Powhatan’s daughter, Pocahontas, was captured by the English. She married Englishman John Rolfe. Powhatan reluctantly made peace after four wearying years of war.

The colonists learned to grow tobacco, which was very popular in Europe. The Chesapeake area became the main supplier of tobacco to Europe.

In 1619, the Virginia Company offered free land in Virginia to people in England and the population of the colony grew. Wealthy people gained large plantations under this system. This system of free land took more land from the Indians.

Most of the colonies, whether royal or proprietary, had governing elected assemblies which could make laws and raise taxes. ROYAL COLONY Owned by the king; governor appointed by king PROPRIETARY COLONY Granted by the king to an English group

The colonist expansion in Virginia led to wars over land with the Indians. -Indians killed many of the colonists. But the colonists defeated the Indians and took more land. -Intense fighting and disease killed thousands of Indians.

The pressures of growing population spurred Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia. Royal governor raised taxes and refused to exterminate the Indians. Nathaniel Bacon organized colonists and attacked the Indians. Burned Jamestown As a result, a new royal governor was appointed. He lowered taxes.

Maryland primarily grew tobacco. Proprietary colony founded in 1632 Owned and governed by Lord Baltimore Allowed slavery Founded as colonial refuge for Catholics

The Carolinas were mostly tobacco and rice plantations. Proprietary colony that allowed slavery Eventually divided into North and South Carolina

The beginnings of the Georgia Colony in 1732: The proprietary colony was meant to prevent the expansion of Spain’s Florida colony. Mostly settled by poor English traders, craft workers, and debtors. Slavery not allowed.

Changes later occurred in the Georgia Colony. Settlers protested the strict rules. The colony became a royal colony in 1752. Laws against slavery were abolished.

Section 3 Assessment What were some challenges that the colonists in Jamestown encountered? (Pg. 45-47) What caused Bacon’s Rebellion? (Pg. 48) Why was the colony of Maryland established? (Pg. 48-49) What was the original purpose of the Georgia Colony? (Pg. 49)

Famine, disease, wars with Native Americans Royal governor raised taxes and refused to exterminate the Indians It was a colony for Catholics to practice their faith To protect against invaders from Spanish Florida