Population and Urbanization Chapter 14

Chapter Overview I.Introductory Quiz II.Thomas Malthus Theory III.Why People in the Least Industrialized Nations Have Big Families IV.Projecting Population Trends V.Cities VI.City Growth Models VII.Community v. Alienation VIII.The Decline of U.S. Cities IX.Review

I. Introductory Quiz

1. The population boom is a result of the adoption of the potato by Europe as its main food. True

2. The birth rates of the least industrial nations have dropped dramatically since the 1960s. True

3. Famines in the least industrialized nations are due to overpopulation. False

4. If the average number of children per woman dropped to 2.0, the population of Mexico would continue to grow. True. But why?

5. The U.S. has one of the most restrictive immigration policies in the world. False

6. Research shows that new immigrants contribute to the U.S. economy. True

7. Industrialization causes a decrease in family size. False. What does the book say about this issue?

8. Currently, 45% of the worlds population lives in cities. True

9. In an emergency, it is easier to get someones help in a small group than in a large group. True

10. The primary problems of urban life today are poverty, decay, and a decline of U.S. cities. True

II. Thomas Malthus A. His Theory

B.The New Malthusians: 1.The worlds population is following an exponential growth curve. 2.The Blacksmiths Fee 3.The J curve

B.The New Malthusians: 1.The worlds population is following an exponential growth curve. 2.The Blacksmiths Fee 3.The J curve

B.The New Malthusians: 1.The worlds population is following an exponential growth curve. 2.The Blacksmiths Fee 3.The J curve

B.The New Malthusians: 1.The worlds population is following an exponential growth curve. 2.The Blacksmiths Fee 3.The J curve

World Population Growth by Billions

1998

C. The Anti-Malthusians

The Demographic Transistion

Y.J.U.: Who is correct; Malthus, the New Malthusians, or the Anti-Malthusians?

III. the Least Industrialized Nations and Big Families

IV. Projecting Population Trends A.Definitions of Demographic Variables 1.Fertility Rate 2.Mortality Rate 3.Net Migration Rate 4.Crude Death Rate 5.Growth Rate 6.Demographic Equation

B. Unanticipated Variables that Effect a Nations Growth Rate 1.Wars 2.Famines 3.Changing economic and political conditions

V. Cities

A.City B.Agricultural Surplus C.The Plow D.The Industrial Revolution E.Urbanization F.Metropolis G. Megalopolis

VI. City Growth Models

A. Concentric Zones Ernest Burgess (1925) Zone 1: central business district Zone 2: zone in transition; rooming houses & deteriorating housing Zone 3: thrifty workers escape to this zone; an easy commute Zone 4: More expensive apartments, & homes; wealthy may live here. Zone 5: suburbs & satellite cities *no city fits perfectly because of lakes, RXR, etc.

B. Sectors Homer Hoyt (1939) A citys concentric zones do not form a complete circle A concentric zone can contain several sectors Ex: invasion- succession cycle

C. Multiple Nuclei Harris and Ullman (1945) Each nucleus is the focus of some specialized activity Ex: Auto repair districts, retail business districts, ect.

D. Peripheral Model Chauncey Harris (1997) Radial highways influence movement of people and services away from the central city to the outskirts. Industrial and office park development is also included.

VII. Community v. Alienation A.Community B.Alienation C.Gemeinschaft D.Gesellschaft

D.The price of personal freedom obtained through city life is alienation. E.Ex: Kitty Genovese

F.Who Lives in the City? 1.Cosmopolites 2.Singles 3.Ethnic Villagers 4.The Deprived 5.The Trapped

VIII. The Decline of U.S. Cities A. Group Work: You teach me: 1.Suburbanization 2.Disinvestment and Deindustrialization 3.The Rural Rebound 4.The Potential of Urban Revitalization

A. Solving Urban Problems 1.Urban renewal 2.Gentrification 3.Why Yuppies Move Back to the Slums 4.What is the real answer?

VIII.Additional Key Terms Conflict Theory and Reproduction Pushes and Pulls to the City Urbanization Suburbs Urban Fear and the Gated Fortress William Wilson & Suburbanization