When is revolution justified? …. Today? Understand that: The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution. In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability. from Absolutism to…Enlightenment to… Warm – up - Define absolutism – where did these monarchs claim they got their power? How did absolute monarchs treat their subjects? Define the enlightenment. How did the enlightenment partially result from absolutism? Use your homework notes: How did the enlightenment affect these following Monarchs: Frederick the Great Joseph II Catherine the Great How did the Enlightenment cause changes between the rulers in Europe and their subjects? How does the American Revolution illustrate understanding #1? Get your computer – open textbook Chapter 6 RTN p21-26: The American Revolution Revolution!! When is revolution justified? …. Today?

Enlightened Despots Religious freedom Reformed and more professional judiciary Allowed more press freedom Improved education Abolished torture However… Kept serfdom Frederick the Great of Prussia – 1712-1786 Reign – 1740-1786: longest of any Hohenzollern

Enlightened Despots Religious freedom even for non-Christians Allowed more press freedom Improved rule of law Abolished serfdom Joseph II of Austria – 1741-1790 Reign as HRE 1765-1790

Enlightened Despots Catherine the Great of Russia – 1729-1796 Corresponded with Voltaire, Montesquieu and Beccaria Spoke of enlightened ideas: some were implemented: education for girls, some judicial reform Some religious tolerance Middle estate to balance increased power of nobles However… Kept serfdom Catherine the Great of Russia – 1729-1796 Reign – 1762-1796

Impact of the Enlightenment People have confidence that human reason can solve social problems The individual becomes important as people use their own ability to reason and judge Absolutism is generally questioned as being the antithesis of enlightenment. Sets the stage for popular revolutions in the 18th and 19th Centuries Some monarchs make reforms Other Monarchs resist change to their power BUT…the common people, generally uneducated and distrusted by the philosophes, are not very enlightened. Therefore the enlightenment is really a middle class movement

Enlightenment leads to the American revolution How does the American Revolution illustrate understanding #1? The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution Get your computer – open textbook Chapter 6 - RTN p21-26: List three examples of how Britain was absolutist in its treatment of the American colonies. What enlightenment idea is demonstrated by the colonists' complaint about "taxation without representation"? What ideas from the enlightenment form the basis of the Declaration of Independence? Explain how the enlightenment ideas are illustrated in the Declaration of Independence. Why were the Americans able to defeat Britain in the American Revolution? How are the enlightenment ideas illustrated in the US Constitution? When are popular Revolutions against a government justified? Enlightenment leads to the American revolution

ThThe American Revolution, 1776-1781 e Enlightenment and Revolutions - Claiming abuses by the British Government and a general failure to safeguard the natural rights of the citizens, the American Colonies declare their independence from England. - Thomas Jefferson authors the Declaration of Independence, drawing heavily on the writings of John Locke and the ideals of the Social Contract as theorized by Rousseau and Hobbes: * Government must be created by the People * The people must consent to be governed * The primary job of the Government is to protect the people’s natural rights- Life, Liberty, and “The Pursuit of Happiness” * When a Government fails to protect these rights, then the people have the right to change their government, to overthrow it.

The Enlightenment and Revolutions John Locke Thomas Jefferson

The Enlightenment and Revolutions John Locke Thomas Jefferson “Darn, I looked better in the last picture”, J. Locke dasdfasdf

The Enlightenment and Revolutions Following the American Revolution, the Americans again embraced the ideals of the Enlightenment in the writing of their Constitution. James Madison heavily borrowed from the ideals of Montesquieu. Separation of Powers, and Checks and Balances make up the heart of the U.S. Constitution

The American Revolution and French Involvement: America’s war for independence was successful in part due to the assistance of the French government. One of the most influential French military assistants was Lafayette. *In 1777, Lafayette purchased a ship, and with a crew of adventurers set sail for America to fight in the revolution against the British. Lafayette joined the ranks as a major general and was assigned to the staff of George Washington. He served with distinction, leading America forces to several victories. On a return visit to France in 1779 Lafayette persuaded the French government to send aid to the Americans, specifically the commitment of the French Navy, and monetary support.

Connections between the American Revolution and the French Revolution – video part II enlightenment French Citizens and Military directly participate in the American War for Independence, the ideals upon which it was based, eventual success inspired French Citizens to revolt against King Louis XVI Another impact of the American Revolution “ginormous” Debt incurred by the French Government in assisting the Americans, pushed France into Financial Crisis.