Comparison of reproductive outcome in oligozoospermic men with high sperm DNA fragmentation undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection with ejaculated.

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Comparison of reproductive outcome in oligozoospermic men with high sperm DNA fragmentation undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection with ejaculated and testicular sperm Sandro C. Esteves, M.D., Ph.D., Fernando Sánchez-Martín, M.D., Pascual Sánchez-Martín, M.D., Danielle T. Schneider, M.Sc., Jaime Gosálvez, Ph.D. Fertility and Sterility Volume 104, Issue 6, Pages 1398-1405 (December 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.028 Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The SCD method for assessment of SDF in testicular sperm. A variant of the Halosperm test (Halotech DNA) that combines a dual fluorescent cocktail probe to discriminate somatic cells from spermatozoa was used. Spermatozoa and somatic cells exhibit differences in the wavelength emission associated with each fluorochrome (green for proteins and red for DNA). Spermatozoa exhibit only red fluorescence on the sperm head owing to protamine removal, while nonsperm cells fluoresce yellow as a result of the combined emission of both fluorochromes (A). Spermatozoa exhibiting red fluorescence with a green flagellum and no halo of chromatin dispersion represented those with fragmented DNA (arrow cap). In contrast, spermatozoa exhibiting red fluorescence with a green flagellum and haloes of chromatin dispersion represented those with nonfragmented DNA (arrow). A somatic cell with its typical high protein and DNA contents and a spermatozoon with its characteristic low protein remnant and high DNA content are seen in panels B and C, respectively, using a single channel fluorescence emission. After merging the information provided by protein and DNA selective staining, somatic cells and spermatozoa can be easily distinguished (D and D′). In addition, the sperm tail fluoresces in green, and this feature also helps to distinguish spermatozoa from other cell elements (A and D′). A high-resolution version of this slide for use with the Virtual Microscope is available as eSlide VM01016. Fertility and Sterility 2015 104, 1398-1405DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.028) Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions