Mrs. Johnson Physical science Describing Matter Mrs. Johnson Physical science

Vocabulary Matter, substance, physical property, chemical property, element, atom, chemical bond, molecule, compound, chemical formula, mixture, heterogenous mixture, homogenous mixture, solution, Chemical change, physical change, law of conservation of matter 

Matter Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space. Everything around you is matter EX) air, plastic, cloth, metal, wood, glass, paper

Properties of matter Matter can have many different properties or characteristics. Ex) hard,soft,rough,smooth,liquid,gas,solid,hot,cold The properties and changes of any type of matter depend on its make up. Some matter are substances and some are not A substance is a single kind of matter that is pure( it always has a specific make up and specific set of properties. Ex) table salt in sea water and salt mine Every form of matter has two kinds of properties chemical and physical.

Physical and Chemical properties Physical property: can be observed without changing into another substance. Ex) texture, color, melting point, flexibility Chemical Property: a pure substances ability to change into different substances. Ex) Flammability: fuels a fire producing heat, gas, and ash. Iron turning to rust, bread Pgs.60-61

Elements Elements are pure substances that can not be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means.  Elements are the simplest substances Each element can be identified by its chemical and physical properties. Ex) aluminum, iron,copper,silver,gold,carbon,heli um,sulfur

Atoms Atom is the basic particle from which all elements are made. When atoms combine they form a chemical bond which is a force of attraction between two atoms. Atoms combine to form larger particles called molecules. Molecules: Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Ex) Oxygen, water, carbon dioxide Pg. 63

Compounds and Mixtures A compound a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. Chemical formula : represents a compound( shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms Ratio: comparison of two numbers When elements are chemically combined, they form compounds having properties different from those of the uncombined elements. Pg. 64

Compounds and Mixtures Mixtures: made up of two or more substances, elements ,compounds, or both that are together in the same place but not chemically combined. Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties and the parts of the mixture are not combined in a set ratio. Heterogenous mixture: you can see the different parts Homogenous mixture: it is evenly mixed and you cant see the different parts. Ex) Solution

Changes in Matter: Physical change In what ways can matter change? Physical Change: A change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not make any substance in the matter into a different substance. A substance that undergoes a physical change is the same substance after the change. Types of physical change: change in state ( solid,liquid,gas), and changes in shape or form ( dissolving, bending, chopping, crushing, and breaking).

Chemical Change Chemical Change: a change in matter that produces one or more new substances ( also know as a chemical reaction). A single substance turns into one or more substances. A chemical changes produces new substances with properties different from those of the original substance. Read chart on pg. 70 as a class and copy the chart in your interactive notebook.

Conservation of Matter Law of conservation of matter: Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction Ex) Water disappears when it changes to a gas. No mass is lost because during a chemical change, atoms are not lost or gained only rearranged.