Ch. 6 Sec. 1 Ch. 7 Sec. 1 The New South

Industries and Cities Grow “New South”- Not just agriculture, but mills and factories too 1880s- Investment in coal, iron, and steel processing Created urban centers Farming became diversified Grain, tobacco, fruit, cotton

Railroads Link Cities and Towns Industrialization needs transportation Rail lines linked urban and rural areas Only 2 lines linked south and north South asked federal gov for economic help to build RR Used prison labor to keep RR building costs down

Southern Economic Recovery is Limited Southern economy lagged behind South didn’t have enough labor and capital investment for industry Education was limited Weak banks Low wages

Cotton Dominates Agriculture Cotton production rose after the war Prices had fallen Farmer’s Alliance Lowered supply prices Linked southern and western farmers Worked to lower freight prices

Black Southerners Gain and Lose Blacks joined the Farmers Alliance Opened up political possibilities Schools opened Teachers’ colleges opened

White Backlash Begins KKK used violence Churches became segregated Civil Rights Act of 1875 Guaranteed blacks the right to ride trains and use public facilities Later decided that it was the states’ right to decided who could use public accommodations

African Americans Lose Freedoms Jim Crow Laws- kept whites and blacks apart South issued poll tax- voters required to pay a tax to vote African Americans couldn’t afford the tax Literacy Tests- voters must pass to vote Grandfather Clause- could vote if ancestor voted prior to 1866

African Americans Lose Freedoms De jure segregation- segregation imposed by law De facto segregation- segregation by unwritten custom of tradition Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme court upheld the constitutionality of “separate but equal”

Booker T. Washington Black leader Said blacks should build up their economic resources and establish good reputations Taught at Tuskegee Institute Vocational education

W.E.B. Du Bois Criticized Washington’s willingness to accommodate southern whites Felt blacks should demand full and immediate equality Shouldn’t limit themselves to vocational education

Ida B. Wells Fought for the rights of African Americans Had a newspaper, Free Speech Condemned the mistreatment of blacks Was exiled and spent her life speaking out against lynching