Risk factors for leg length discrepancy in patients with congenital vascular malformation Young-Wook Kim, MD, Sang-Hoon Lee, MD, Dong-Ik Kim, MD, Young-Soo.

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Presentation transcript:

Risk factors for leg length discrepancy in patients with congenital vascular malformation Young-Wook Kim, MD, Sang-Hoon Lee, MD, Dong-Ik Kim, MD, Young-Soo Do, MD, Byung-Boong Lee, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 44, Issue 3, Pages 545-553 (September 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.035 Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Extent of the congenital vascular malformation lesion. A, A computed tomography arteriogram shows an arteriovenous malformation in the left upper leg. B, Lymphoscintigram in a patient with lymphatic malformation in the right lower leg. C, Magnetic resonance image of venous malformation that involves the left whole leg. D, A whole-body blood pool scan in a patient with venous malformation that involves the left whole leg. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2006 44, 545-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.035) Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Depth of congenital vascular malformation lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. A, A venous malformation involves the subcutaneous tissue of thigh. B, A venolymphatic malformation involves thigh muscle and subcutaneous tissue. C, An arteriovenous malformation involves the thigh muscle and femur bone. D, A venous malformation involves the knee joint. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2006 44, 545-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.035) Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Associated deep venous abnormalities in patients with congenital vascular malformation. A, An ascending venogram shows aplasia of left femoral vein (arrow). B, Ultrasonogram shows popliteal vein phlebectasia, a segmental aneurysmal dilatation of the popliteal vein (arrow). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2006 44, 545-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.035) Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 A lower extremity scanogram in which the x-ray tube is centered precisely over the hip (top), knee (middle), and ankle joints (bottom) and three successive exposures of the lower extremity centered over the three joints are performed. Leg length discrepancy can be determined by the sum of length discrepancies in the three segments. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2006 44, 545-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.035) Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Scatter plots show the distribution of leg length discrepancy (LLD) according to the patient age and type of congenital vascular malformation. The two dotted horizontal lines indicate leg length discrepancy (LLD) of 2 cm. The black squared dots above the upper horizontal line indicate LLD >2 cm by overgrowth, and the dots below the lower horizontal line indicate LLD >2 cm by undergrowth of the affected limb. AVM, Arteriovenous malformation; VM, vascular malformation; LM, lymphatic malformation; LVM, venolymphatic malformation. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2006 44, 545-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.035) Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions