By: Adam Whittaker Tyrese Wingard Rugby By: Adam Whittaker Tyrese Wingard

The history of Rugby The game originated in 1823 on the football fields of the college of Rugby England. Playing football William Webb Ellis decided to pick up the football and run with it instead of kick it. From there the game started to develop and other schools started to adopt the new sport in the mid 19th century. Then in 1871 the Rugby League was formed and standardized the game. In 1875 the game of Rugby was introduced to the States, but started to fade due to the development of American Football.

History cont. In 1885 arguments in England started to surface over the payment of players. This disagreement split the sport of rugby in England into two leagues. The Rugby League and the Rugby Union. Rugby League which consists of 13 players per team is the professional league The Rugby Union consists of 15 players per team and is the armature league. The rules differ a bit between the two but the concept is still the same.

What does a rugby field look like? The rugby field is 160 yards long, and 75 yards wide. 110 yards goal line to goal line, with 25 yard deep in-goal(end zone). Goal posts are located on the try line. 5.6 meters apart and the cross bar is 3 meters up.

Field cont. Halfway into the field there is a 50 meter line- pretty much marks midfield Either side of 50 m. line is 10 meter line, used to judge kick offs. Off from the try line is a solid 22 meter line 5-15 meters from the touch line is a dashed parallel line used to mark zones for line outs.

This is a rugby field

Positions Forwards: 1-8( pack)- 1st 3 rows. Gain and retain possession of the ball and play in the scrum. Usually larger and less agile. Backs: 9-15 behind the forwards- take the ball won by the forwards and score points by either running or kicking the ball.

Starting a game The two captains from either team meet the officials for a coin toss. Kicking team sends forwards to the 50 m. line for the kick and the opposite team spreads out behind the 10 m. line. After the whistle is blown and the ball is kicked, the ball must pass the 10 m. line before it can be played by the opposing team. kick off

General definitions Try- a try is the equivalent of scoring a touch down in American Football. The player has to touch the ball down in the in-goal to score the point. The closer the ball is to the goal posts the easier the conversion goal is. Try – 5points. A conversion goal- is similar to American Football. Immediately after the try and place kick is taken. The defending team must stand behind the try line, but can rush the kick as the kicker moves towards the ball. Conversion goal- 2 points.

Definitions cont. Maul- a maul is formed when 2 or more players form around the ball carrier if it is off the ground. Ruck- players bound around the ball if the ball is on the ground. Scrum- Very often a player will lose the ball forward during a tackle or just while running and receiving a pass, thus knocking-on. If the ball is quickly picked up by the other team, the referee will let play continue to allow the recovering team to take advantage of the mistake. If no advantage occurs, then the referee will whistle for a scrum to be set at a spot he indicates on the pitch also called a mark. The team that did not lose the ball is awarded the ball to put into the scrum.

Scoring a try/ general play If and when the ball is produced from a ruck or maul without penalty, usually by the scrumhalf, the ball will most often be passed to a forward charging back through the defense or to the flyhalf who has pre-determined a course of action. Once he has received the ball he will then start a run, make a pass, or kick the ball. All of this must be done very quickly as the opposing backs and forwards will be quickly rushing up to tackle whomever has the ball. The moves the backs run will include a number of different maneuvers and ploys to put the backs into open running space. Common running tactics include loops, switches, dummies, and miss passes.

Cont. try When the ball is being run, a player tackled to the ground must immediately release the ball (the defender tackling the runner must release the runner after the tackle) making it available to both teams. Typically the tackled player will attempt to place the ball closest to his own supporting players. Those supporting players will make a decision to pickup the loose ball or drive over the ball and tackled player to bind together into a new ruck. Once a player makes a break over the tryline, he must touch the ball down to the ground to be awarded the 5 points for the try. Often a player will cross the tryline close to one of the touchlines and will turn back towards the posts before touching down. This is done to provide a better angle for the person attempting the conversion kick.

Video C:\Users\Owner\Pictures\rugby presentation\ruck maul.htm C:\Users\Owner\Pictures\rugby presentation\scrum.htm

Penalties Most common penalty is the offside A player is offsides when a player is in front of his team mate with the ball when it is played to him. Also during a ruck or maul, if the player steps in font of the line before the ball is played to him. Others are violent play, barging, not releasing the ball and blocking. These infringements are awarded free kicks.

Out of bounds or dead balls When a ball is played over the touch line it is out of bounds and the opposite team sets up a line out. Line out- The other common set piece in rugby, besides the scrum, is the lineout. After a ball has been kicked or run into touch (out of bounds), the forwards of each team will line up at the spot indicated by the touch judge as the touch mark. line out

Cont. 22 meter drop out is when an unsuccessful free kick, conversion kick, or penalty kick goes past the end line and the ball is placed on the 22 m line and is restarted by the opposing team.

Equipment Ball Boots Scrum caps shoulder pads

The All Blacks The All Blacks, one of the most successful rugby teams of all time, New Zealand National team. are the leading points scorers of all time and the only international rugby team with a winning record against every test nation they have ever played. They have the highest win ratio of 75 percent and rank as the number one team in the world for the most period of time in IRB World Rankings. Have won the Tri-nations cup 10 times out of the 15 competitions haka