Spent Fuel Storage and Transport for Shutdown and Decommissioning Nuclear Plants Rod McCullum November 28, 2018

Nuclear Power in the U.S. 98 operating reactors at 59 sites, in 30 states 99,010 MWe of baseload capacity 20% of the U.S. energy generation comes from nuclear But if I wanted to generate the same amount of electricity as 12,000 MW of nuclear, what would it take? I would need to add around 34,000 MW of wind. That is about how much wind we have in Texas, Oklahoma and California. Combined. And those are three of our largest wind producing states. It would also require the land area about the size of Connecticut. ---------------------------------------- Nuclear Optimistic case 2025: 85,954MW Pessimistic case 2025: 73,728 MW Difference: 12,226 MW Generation: 98.5 M MWh at 92% capacity factor Wind: 98.5 M MWh at 33% capacity factor (from EIA Annual Energy Outlook for 2020) 34,085 MW new wind capacity TX 21,143 OK 6,663 IA 6,974 CA 6,391 © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

U.S. Emissions-free Fuel Shares In 2017 Solar – 3.7% Geothermal – 1.1% Over 56% of the U.S. Clean Energy Comes from Nuclear Wind 17.7% Nuclear 56.1% Hydro 21.4% Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Updated: March 2018 © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

Capacity Factors by Fuel Type in 2017 But if I wanted to generate the same amount of electricity as 12,000 MW of nuclear, what would it take? I would need to add around 34,000 MW of wind. That is about how much wind we have in Texas, Oklahoma and California. Combined. And those are three of our largest wind producing states. It would also require the land area about the size of Connecticut. ---------------------------------------- Nuclear Optimistic case 2025: 85,954MW Pessimistic case 2025: 73,728 MW Difference: 12,226 MW Generation: 98.5 M MWh at 92% capacity factor Wind: 98.5 M MWh at 33% capacity factor (from EIA Annual Energy Outlook for 2020) 34,085 MW new wind capacity TX 21,143 OK 6,663 IA 6,974 CA 6,391 © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

Total Generating Cost: 2017 Nuclear Power Generating Costs ($/MWh) Fuel Generation: 804.9 billion kWh Capacity Factor: 92.2% 2017 costs compared to 2016: Fuel costs decreased by $0.46/MWh Operating costs decreased by $0.44/MWh Capital costs decreased by $0.25/MWh Capital Total Generating Cost: 33.50 Operations Source: Electric Utility Cost Group Updated: September 2018

Efficiency Improvements $37.60 2014 $29.24 2002 $31.39 2007 $41.35 2012 $34.65 2016 Reduction of 19.0% $33.50 2017 Source: Electric Utility Cost Group Updated: September 2018 $/MWh in 2017 dollars Total Generating Costs

National Nuclear Energy Strategy Industry Strategic Focus National Nuclear Energy Strategy PRESERVE SUSTAIN INNOVATE THRIVE Appropriately value nuclear generation Create sustainability via improved regulatory framework and reduced burden Innovate, commercialize, and deploy new nuclear Compete globally

Used Nuclear Fuel in Storage SUSTAIN Used Nuclear Fuel in Storage Used fuel inventory* Approximately 80,960 MTU Increases 2 - 2.4k MTU annually ISFSI storage* 117,579 assemblies 33,515 MTU (39%) 2,698 casks/modules loaded 72 Operating ISFSIs 1 pool ISFSI, 1 modular vault Projections for 2020 Estimating 86,000 MTU total Estimating 35,000 MTU at ISFSI 3,200 casks/modules loaded At 76 ISFSIs Almost all plant sites + Morris & INEL Fuel from 119 reactors *As of December 31, 2017 © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

Used Fuel in Storage at Shutdown Plants © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

Pending Growth of Shutdown Plants MWe Closure Year Reason Final Year Generation (billion kWh per year) Final Year CO2 Avoided (M tons/year) Crystal River 3 860 2013 Mechanical 7.0 3.8 San Onofre 2 & 3 2,150 18.1 8.0 Kewaunee 566 Market 4.5 Vermont Yankee 620 2014 5.1 2.4 Fort Calhoun 478 2016 3.4 3.3 Oyster Creek 625 2018 Policy 5.4 4.0 TOTAL 5,299 43.5 25.3 Three Mile Island 1 803 2019 6.9 5.0 Pilgrim 678 2.3 Davis-Besse 908 2020 7.9 5.7 Duane Arnold 619 5.2 Indian Point 2 & 3 2,061 2020-2021 Market & Policy 15.3 7.1 Beaver Valley 1 & 2 1,872 2021 11.1 Perry 1,268 9.8 Palisades 789 2022 6.1 5.3 Diablo Canyon 1 & 2 2,240 2024-2025 17.9 11,238 89.5 55.5 Source: Emissions avoided are calculated using regional and national fossil fuel emissions rates from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and latest plant generation data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Updated: September 2018.

Decommissioning and The Nuclear Value Chain Success Factors Efficient Regulatory Framework NRC rulemaking ongoing Planning for Best use of Resources Innovative Business Models Energy Solutions (Zion, Lacrosse, & San Onfre) Accelerated Decommissioning Partners (Vermont Yankee) Holtec (Oyster Creek, Pilgrim, & Palisades) Minimizing the Impacts of Used Fuel Industry Driving to Faster Decommissioning © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

Consolidated Interim Storage and Yucca © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

Why we need BOTH Yucca & Consolidated Interim Storage Consolidated Interim Storage (CIS) is necessary in the near term… …but CIS is not a permanent solution …and CIS only addresses half of the problem. Yucca Mountain is the most thoroughly studied permanent solution in the world… …and the result of this study deserves its day in court If we quit on Yucca Mountain now, CIS projects will likely fail… …and we will set a dangerous precedent which will put the legal and scientific foundation for any future permanent solution at risk

The Future of Radioactive Materials Transport Movement to accelerate decommissioning at increasing number of plants will increase LLW shipments Used Fuel will begin moving from commercial reactor sites in the next 5 years – with or without federal action Used Fuel transportation will be THE topic of greatest interest as large scale used fuel movements approach Third party experts will be an important part of the dialogue NEI will conduct transportation tabletop exercise to demonstrate process NEI is developing resources to support effective public communications © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

Used Fuel Transportation Table Top Exercise scheduled for May 21, 2019 Will test assumptions/challenges/processes and identify opportunities for improvement Virtual site to represent physical attributes of Kewaunee and political, community and tribal aspects of Prairie Island Private shipment model for initial scenario Routing will utilize intermodal transportation resources Consolidated Interim Storage location reflects the border between New Mexico and Texas Exercise NRC and Price-Anderson requirements Video will be made available afterwards © NEI 2018. All rights reserved.

Questions? rxm@nei.org