L. Y. A. Chai, R. Naesens, A. L. Khoo, M. V. Abeele, K

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Invasive fungal infection in an elderly patient with defective inflammatory macrophage function L.Y.A. Chai, R. Naesens, A.L. Khoo, M.V. Abeele, K. van Renterghem, R. Cartuyvels, M.G. Netea, I.C. Gyssens Clinical Microbiology and Infection Volume 17, Issue 10, Pages 1546-1549 (October 2011) DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03598.x Copyright © 2011 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 1 (a, b) Cytokine response upon stimulation of (a) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and (b) pooled serum-differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) of the patient and three healthy controls with live Aspergillus conidia and heat-inactivated hyphae (HK hyphae). (c, d) Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) response upon stimulation of (c) macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-differentiated and (d) granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-differentiated MDMs from patient, three young healthy controls and three elderly healthy controls with the respective ligands as indicated. The data are expressed as means ± standard errors of the mean. IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2011 17, 1546-1549DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03598.x) Copyright © 2011 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 2 (a, c) Direct microscopy of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from (a) the patient, (b) a healthy young control and (c) a healthy elderly control (Leica direct viewing microscope series, ×400 magnification). (d, f) Histogram overlay of (d) Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, (e) TLR4 and (f) Dectin-1 receptor expression on GM-CSF-differentiated MDMs of the patient (grey shade), a healthy young control (continuous line) and a healthy elderly control (dotted line). Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2011 17, 1546-1549DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03598.x) Copyright © 2011 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions