Neurodevelopment on Route p63

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Neurodevelopment on Route p63 Pierluigi Nicotera, Gerry Melino Neuron Volume 48, Issue 5, Pages 707-709 (December 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.023 Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The p53 Gene Family (A) General domain structure of the p53, p73, p63 proteins. The gene contains two promoters, codifying for a full-length protein, indicated as TA isoforms, and a shorter protein coded by the second promoter, lacking the TA domain, indicated as ΔN isoforms. In addition, extensive mRNA splicing occurs at the 3′ end, resulting in several protein isoforms, shown as dashed block. The residue identity is indicated in red for each domain. The most closely related proteins are p63 and p73. TA, transactivation domain; DBD, DNA-binding domain; PR, proline-rich domain; SAM, sterile α motif; TI, transactivation inhibitory domain. (B) Schematic function of the p53 family proteins. The functions span from development to DNA damage; this seems to reflect the ontogeny of the proteins, with p63 being the most evolutionarily ancient and p53 the most recent. (C) The “Route p63” in sympathetic neuronal death. Neuron 2005 48, 707-709DOI: (10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.023) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Function of the p63 Protein (A) Degradation and transactivation pathways of the p63 protein. The transactivation function of p63 depends on its steady-state protein levels, controlled transcriptionally and by yet unkown degradation pathways, and it is strictly regulated by a series of mechanisms involving phosphorylation, prolyl isomerization by Pin-1, PML recruitment in the PML-nuclear bodies, and acetylation. (B) Schematic molecular mechanism of the transactivation pathways valid for the p53/p73/p63 proteins. (C) The developmental effects of p63 could be due to failure to differentiate (according to Dennis Roop), failure to regulate the proliferation potential of the stem cell compartment (according to Frank McKeon), or failure to control apoptosis (according to David Kaplan). Neuron 2005 48, 707-709DOI: (10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.023) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions