Figure 2 Brain-infiltrating immune cells mainly consist of CD8+ memory T cells Immunofluorescence staining of brain-infiltrating immune cells. Brain-infiltrating.

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Figure 3 Methodological strategy, flow cytometric analysis, cytokine profile, and clonality of brain-infiltrating cells Methodological strategy, flow cytometric.

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Figure 1 Muscle biopsy from a patient with a slowly progressive (24 years) HMGCR antibody–associated myopathy syndrome (A) Hematoxylin & eosin stain, (B)

Figure Vertebral artery angiogram and tissue pathology

Figure 3 Immunohistochemical analyses of positive and negative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) control tissues using immunostaining Immunohistochemical analyses.

Figure 1 Treg percentage and suppressive function increased during each round of Treg infusions Treg percentage and suppressive function increased during.

Figure 5 Treatment with fingolimod raises the activation threshold of monocytes in MS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 healthy donors, 7 patients.

Figure 2 Immunopathologic analysis of all 3 Rasmussen encephalitis cases Immunopathologic analysis of all 3 Rasmussen encephalitis cases (A) Perivascular.

Figure 1 Histopathologic features of a chronic active and a chronic plaque in the MS brain Histopathologic features of a chronic active and a chronic plaque.

Figure 4 Detection of EBER+ cells in MS and control brains by in situ hybridization Detection of EBER+ cells in MS and control brains by in situ hybridization.

Figure 1 Reactivity of the patients' antibodies with rat brain and HEK cell-based assays Rat hippocampal dentate gyrus neuropils were stained with patient.

Figure 1 Effect of DMF therapy on T cell subsets

Figure 2 Brain biopsy Brain biopsy (A) Double staining with anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody (dark green) and Luxol fast blue (blue) is shown. Loss of.

Figure Nuclear Nrf2 expression after fumarate therapy A new left occipital fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense (A), T1 hypointense (B), and.

Figure 1 Neuropathologic examination of brain areas with normal MRI appearance and with gadolinium enhancement (patient 1)‏ Neuropathologic examination.

Figure 2 Neuropathology of PML lesions in a patient with MS treated with fingolimod Neuropathology of PML lesions in a patient with MS treated with fingolimod.

Figure 1 MOR103 sequential-dose trial flowchart of study population with multiple sclerosis aPatients received 2 doses of study drug before trial withdrawal.

Figure 2 7T MRI can differentiate between early PML and MS lesions Two different patterns of brain lesions were observed using 7T MRI: ring-enhancing lesions.

Figure 1 Peripheral blood leukocyte subset counts during dimethyl fumarate treatmentComplete blood cell counts were obtained at baseline (n = 34) and at.

Figure 2 Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopic examination of structures in the brain biopsy Hematoxylin & eosin staining.

Figure 2 Overview of the patient's history and immunofluorescence pattern of patient CSF IgG Overview of the patient's history and immunofluorescence pattern.

Figure 1 GABAB expression in the thymus(A–C) Staining of thymus tissue with anti-cytokeratin (A) and anti-GABAB antibody (B, C double immunofluorescence).

Figure 2 JCV index JCV index (A) Fifty samples of natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis were assessed twice for their anti-JCV antibody.

Figure 1 White matter lesion central vein visibility in MS and absence in small vessel disease (SVD)‏ White matter lesion central vein visibility in MS.

Figure 1 Schematic overview of flow cytometry Schematic overview on the analysis of peripheral immune cells by flow cytometry. Schematic overview of flow.

Figure 1 Evolution of blood cell counts during 18-month treatment and follow-up (A) Mean white blood cell count, (B) mean lymphocyte count, (C) mean eosinophil.

Figure 1 VGCC antibody uptake in cerebellar slice culture

Figure 1 The human adaptive immune profile in multiple sclerosis (MS)‏

Figure 2 Abnormal myofiber nuclei in HMGCR antibody–associated myopathy Myonuclei are often enlarged (dark arrow) with clear centers (dark arrowhead) or.

Figure 1 JCV serostatus JCV serostatus (A) Serostatus of 1,921 natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis, with JCV− patients shown in black.

Figure 5 Pairwise correlations between selected patient-reported outcomes and performance tests in patients with MS (A) The number of pairwise correlations.

Figure 3 Longitudinal performance of 2 MS–cohabitant participant pairs on Ishihara color testing Both response speed and response accuracy are provided.

Fig. 1 CSPG4 is expressed in GBM specimens and GBM-NS and associated with more aggressive disease. CSPG4 is expressed in GBM specimens and GBM-NS and associated.

Figure 1 Proportions of the major B-cell subsets in DMF-treated patients Proportions of the major B-cell subsets in DMF-treated patients B cells were collected.

Figure 2 Distinct changes to immunoprofile in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and multiple sclerosis (MS)‏ Distinct changes to immunoprofile in autoimmune.

Figure 2 Reduced frequency of central memory CD4 T cells in patients with PML Reduced frequency of central memory CD4 T cells (CD4Tcm) (p < ), naive.

Figure 6 Cellular composition after tissue dissociation

Figure 1 Examples illustrating gating strategy for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)‏ Examples illustrating gating strategy for fluorescence-activated.

Figure 2 Immunohistological detection of EBV latent and early lytic proteins in MS and control brains Immunohistological detection of EBV latent and early.

Figure 1 BG-12 treatment reduced total circulating B cells and had variable effects on memory B cells BG-12 treatment reduced total circulating B cells.

Figure 2 Induced deletion of CXCR2 on oligodendrocyte lineage cells after tamoxifen injection in Cxcr2-cKO mice Induced deletion of CXCR2 on oligodendrocyte.

Figure 1 Examination of MuSK antibody levels and B-cell subsetsFlow cytometric analysis (n = 13) using standardized Human Immunology Project Consortium.

Figure 1 Patterns of study retention The proportion of individuals actively participating in the study is displayed over the course of the study. Patterns.

Figure 2 CD4+ T-cell subsets fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis treated.

Figure 1 CD52 expression on innate myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets

Figure 2 Correlation between wGRS and age at onset The figure shows the correlation between weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and age at onset in all.

Figure Brain MRI findings before and during appearance of lymphoproliferative disorder and pathology findings of cerebellar lesion Brain MRI findings before.

Figure 1 Distinct cognitive performers present differences in the cell populations of the adaptive immune systemThe profile (cell counts per mL of blood)

Figure 1. Spinal cord MRI and immunofluorescence staining of the patient's serum and controls on different tissues and recombinant cell substrates Spinal.

Figure 4. The N:M ratio is significantly increased in patients with ALS and correlates with disease progression The N:M ratio is significantly increased.

Figure 1 Volcano plot Peptides (n = 2,260) showing distribution of fold change and statistical significance. Volcano plot Peptides (n = 2,260) showing.

Figure Avidity of IgG specific for influenza A and B following flu vaccinationAvidity of immunoglobulin (Ig) G specific for influenza A and B before and.

Figure 2 Frequency of the proportion of total WMLs with central veins in PPMS, RRMS, and SVD Frequency of the proportion of total WMLs with central veins.

Figure 2 Natalizumab increases expression of proinflammatory genes and cytokines by CD49d+ memory CD4 cells Natalizumab increases expression of proinflammatory.

Figure MRI brain comparison prior and after treatment and brain biopsy findings MRI brain comparison prior and after treatment and brain biopsy findings.

Figure 1 Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts during dose titrationB-lymphocyte (CD19+; A) and total lymphocyte (CD45+; B) counts (cells/µL) in peripheral.

Figure Spinal cord imaging (A, B) Sagittal and axial T2-weighted cervical spine MRI demonstrating hyperintensities in the central gray matter of patient.

Figure 2 Brain biopsy of 2 patients with anti-MOG encephalitis initially misdiagnosed with small vessel CNS vasculitis Brain biopsy of 2 patients with.

Figure 2 C5B3 prevented AQP4-IgG–mediated CDC without affecting AQP4-IgG binding to AQP4 C5B3 prevented AQP4-IgG–mediated CDC without affecting AQP4-IgG.

Figure 2 Assessment of fluctuation in fatigue scores using environmental data The relationship between fatigue (as measured by the Modified Fatigue Impact.

Figure 3 Muscle biopsy showing myofiber atrophy and degeneration

Figure 1 Detailed overview of treatment course and paraclinical findings Maximum intensity projection maps of supratentorial inversion recovery images.

Figure 4 Vα7.2 TCR chain repertoire Analysis of the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vα7.2 repertoire of patient A by pyrosequencing shows oligoclonal T-cell expansions.

Figure 6 Multiple target epitopes exist in the N-terminal domains of Caspr2 (A) Multidomain deletion constructs of Caspr2 were generated to determine which.

Figure 6 P2Y12 is highly expressed in CD68+ and CD163+ cells during parasitic brain infectionIn a case of Schistosoma mekongi infection, hematoxylin and.

Figure 2 Detection of slanDCs in CSF of patients with MS(A, B) Immunocytochemical stainings were performed to determine the presence of 6-sulfo LacNAc+

Figure 4 Cell count of selective immune cell subpopulations during alemtuzumab Cell count of selective immune cell subpopulations during alemtuzumab Absolute.

Figure 5 C5B3 inhibited inflammatory infiltration in an NMOSD mouse model in vivo C5B3 inhibited inflammatory infiltration in an NMOSD mouse model in vivo.

Figure 2. Percentage of CD16− monocytes in the blood is reduced during disease progression Percentage of CD16− monocytes in the blood is reduced during.

Blood Tfr cells are immature but are not committed in the thymus.

Figure 4 Longitudinal analysis of peripheral immune cell composition Frequency of naive, central memory (Tcm), and effector memory (Tem) CD4 T cells over.

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Figure 2 Brain-infiltrating immune cells mainly consist of CD8+ memory T cells Immunofluorescence staining of brain-infiltrating immune cells. Brain-infiltrating immune cells mainly consist of CD8+ memory T cells Immunofluorescence staining of brain-infiltrating immune cells. All nuclei are stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (white). Green and red dyes were used. Double-positive cells are therefore shown in yellow. Scale bars 50 µm. (A) Double staining for CD3 (green) and CD8α (red). Most CD3+ T cells coexpress CD8α. (B) CD8+ (red) T cells outnumber CD4+ (green) T cells. (C) Low numbers of CD45RA+ (green) CD8+ (red) double-positive T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue. (D) Many CD8+ T cells (red) coexpress CD45RO (green). (E) Naive T cells double-positive for CCR7 (red) and CD45RA (green) are mostly found within blood vessels and are barely detectable in the parenchyma of MS CNS. (F) Effector memory (CD45RO+CCR7−) (green arrow) and central memory (CD45RO+CCR+) (yellow arrow) T cells in MS lesions. Kathrin Held et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2015;2:e107 © 2015 American Academy of Neurology