27 October 2008 Finish Ch 10 Control of Body Movement Lab This Week: Frog Muscle II: Testing a Hypothesis based on Isometric twitch contractions Reminder: Bring textbook to lab Run t-test in SPSS Ready to write Abstract (see assignment) Finish Ch 10 Control of Body Movement Begin Ch12 Cardiovascular Physiology
Fig. 10.07 Senses (transduces) muscle tension 10.07.jpg
Golgi tendon organs oppose excessive muscle tension. Not monosynaptic! 10.08.jpg
Initiates motor command Fig. 10.01 Initiates motor command 10.01.jpg
Fig. 10.02 10.02.jpg
Fig. 10.10a 10.10a.jpg
Somatotopy Fig. 10.11 10.11.jpg
Extra-Pyramidal tracts Fig. 10.12 Pyramidal tract Corticospinal tract Corticobulbar tract Extra-Pyramidal tracts Rubrospinal, Reticulospinal, Vestibulospinal tracts 10.12.jpg Not monosynaptic!
Ballism and hemiballism Movement Disorders Huntington’s chorea Parkinsonism Ballism and hemiballism Cerebellar disorder
Ch 12 Cardiovascular Physiology 6 sections p. 359-439 2 CV labs: 1 Frog heart, 1 Human EKG and Blood Pressure
Circulatory System Circulates Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, ketones, etc Wastes: Hormones: bound & free Gases: CO2 and O2 Formed Elements: Cells and Cell Fragments Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes = Platelets Other roles of the Cardiovascular System Thermoregulation Blood Clotting Reproduction (ex: penile erection)
Entering and Exiting the blood Blood volume ~ 5 liters Figure 12.01 Serum = plasma – clotting factors Entering and Exiting the blood Components…… Discontinuous capillaries in bone marrow, spleen, & liver permit erythrocytes to enter and exit blood. The Scoop on Tissie Formed elements Hct = percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs Anemia Blood doping & erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in bone marrow) to increase hematocrit
Arteries..away from heart Veins..return to heart Fig. 12.02 When left heart can’t pump all the blood it receives from pulmonary circuit (due to high aortic pressure and/or damage to left ventricle) blood accumulates in pulmonary circuit. This is congestive heart failure. Symptom: shortness of breath. Arteries..away from heart Veins..return to heart Regional blood flow determined by arteries and arterioles. 12.02.jpg Resting Cardiac Output = 5L/min for each side!
CO = 5L/min for each circuit Figure 12.04 CO = 5L/min for each circuit Up to 35 L/min in strenuous exercise
What’s missing? Microcirculation Exchange Vessels Pulmonary circuit 5 liters/min 5 liters/min Systemic Circuit Resistance Vessels Microcirculation Exchange Vessels Capacitance vessels