Objective: To analyze the importance of the Albany Plan of Union and the causes and effects of the French and Indian War. Do Now: Which European countries were competing for land in North America? - Great Britain - France - Spain

Albany Plan of Union The Albany Plan of Union, proposed by Benjamin Franklin and Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson, called for colonial unity in the face of the coming war with France.

The Grand Council would: The Albany Plan of Union called for a Grand Council with representatives from each colony. The Grand Council would: - make laws - raise taxes - defend the colonies None of the colonies approved the plan out of fear of losing power. * The Albany Plan of Union set an example that would later be followed by such gatherings as the First and Second Continental Congress.

French and Indian War (1754 – 1763) Causes: Britain began to compete with France over the fur trade in the Ohio Valley

French and Indian War: Alliances

French and Indian War: Alliances Alliance - a formal agreement by two or more nations to act together in a cause • France, Spain (1762), Algonquins, and Hurons • Great Britain and the Iroquois versus

The Death of General Wolfe by Benjamin West, 1770

Prior to the French and Indian War After the French and Indian War

French and Indian War: Effects The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763, ending the war. The Treaty of Paris • Britain gained Canada and all of the French land east of the Mississippi River. • Spain gained all of the French land west of the Mississippi River. • Spain gave up Florida to Britain.

Pontiac's Rebellion Native Americans quickly grew disenchanted with the British. The British exhibited little cultural sensitivity, traded unfairly, and failed to stop encroachments on Indian land. This unrest culminated in a rebellion by Pontiac, a Native American leader who united various tribes with the goal of expelling the British. The uprising lasted from 1763 to 1766. Massacres and atrocities occurred on both sides— most notably, British General Jeffrey Amherst gave the Native Americans blankets infested with smallpox.

Chief Pontiac: Address to Ottawa, Huron, and Pottawatomie Indians (May 5, 1763) “It is important … that we exterminate from our lands this nation which seeks only to destroy us. You see as well as I do that we can no longer supply our needs, as we have done from our brothers, the French. The English sells us goods twice as dear as the French do, and their goods do not last. … When I go to see the English commander and say to him that some of our comrades are dead, instead of bewailing their death, as our French brothers do, he laughs at me and at you. If I ask for anything for our sick, he refuses with the reply that he has no use for us. … Are we not men like them? … What do we fear? It is time.”

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 Violent incidents such as Pontiac's Rebellion prompted the English crown to attempt to mandate an end to encroachments on territory promised to the Indians. Settlers were not to establish themselves west of the “Proclamation Line.” The effort was unsuccessful and is viewed by many to be a leading cause of the Revolutionary War.