Valence Electrons Cornell Notes.

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Presentation transcript:

Valence Electrons Cornell Notes

Valence Electrons 2-8-8 Rule Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels within the electron cloud The 1st energy level holds 2 electrons The 2nd and 3rd energy levels holds 8 electrons 1 2 1 2 1 8 8 3 3 7 7 4 4 2 6 5 6 5

Valence Electrons Valence Electron Valence electrons: electrons in the last shell or energy level of an atom. 1 2 Last energy level: Level 3 1 2 1 8 3 3 So count the electrons in the last energy level 7 4 4 2 6 5 6 Valence Electrons! 6 5

How many valence electrons are in this atom? 1 2 3 1 2 1 8 3 3 Valence Electrons 7 4 2 6 5

How many valence electrons are in this atom? 5 1 2 1 3 Valence Electrons 4 2 5

How many valence electrons are in this atom? 1 1 Valence Electrons

How many valence electrons are in this atom? 2 1 2 1 Valence Electrons 2

Valence Electrons “Happy" atoms are stable atoms Atoms are stable when their outermost energy levels (shells) are full 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 8 3 8 8 3 3 7 4 7 7 4 4 2 2 2 Stable 6 5 6 5 Stable 6 5 Stable

Valence Electrons Is this atom stable? 1 2 1 8 3 7 4 2 6 5 YES!

Valence Electrons NO! Is this atom stable? 1 2 1 2 1 8 3 3 7 7 4 4 2 6 5 6 5 NO!

Valence Electrons Sad atoms are not stable When an atom's outermost shell is not complete/full it is not stable.

Valence Electrons Is this atom unstable? 1 2 1 8 3 7 4 2 6 5 NO!

Valence Electrons YES! Is this atom unstable? 1 2 1 2 1 8 3 3 7 7 4 4 6 5 6 5 YES!

Valence Electrons Sad Atoms Atoms become stable by bonding (joining) with other elements. Bonded atoms are called molecules. A covalent bond is one where atoms share electrons. An ionic bond is one where electrons are either given or taken, not shared.