Review protein synthesis

Genetics Vocab Notes Cornell notes – easy to read, organized, use different colors/highlighter for key terms, pg 3 studying Questions or Main ideas (6) Summary – 3-4 sentences or bulleted statements

Genetics The study of heredity, how traits (characteristics) are passed down from one generation to the next Gene – sequence of DNA that codes for a protein & thus determines a trait

Chromosome Supercoils Coils Nucleosome Histones/proteins DNA double helix

Karyotype A picture or display of all the pairs of chromosomes in numerical order based on size & shape

Homologous chromosomes Chromosomes that pair up and have the same genes, are the same size and shape. One from mother & one from father.

Autosomes Contain genes for all traits except for sex Chromosome pairs 1-22

Sex Chromosomes Chromosome pair #23 XX – 2X’s will make female XY – will make male

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Chromosome Supercoils Coils Nucleosome Histones/proteins DNA double helix

Alleles Different forms of the same gene for a specific trait. Ex. Trait – eye color Alleles – blue, brown, green

Recessive An allele only expressed with another recessive. Written as a small letter.

Dominant An allele that is fully expressed over a recessive Written as a capital letter

Phenotype Outward (physical) appearance of the alleles Ex. Blue eyes, tallness, being colorblind

Genotype The genetic makeup (gene combination) of an organism

Homozygous Having 2 identical alleles for a specific trait Purebred Can be dominant or recessive

Heterozygous Having 2 different alleles for a specific trait Hybrid or carrier

Patterns of Inheritance – 6 types 1. Dominant 2. Recessive

3. Codominance Two different alleles of the same trait are fully expressed Ex: Human blood types - A, B, AB, O Alleles: IA, IB, i A & B - codominant i - recessive (ii=type O blood)

IA IA or IAi A IB IB or IBi B IA IB A and B AB ii none O Genotypes Surface Proteins Phenotypes IA IA or IAi A IB IB or IBi B IA IB A and B AB ii none O

What is the genotypic ratio of a child that mom is IB i and a father With a phenotype of AB?

One parent is blood type A and the other is blood type B One parent is blood type A and the other is blood type B. What are the genotypes of the parents if they only have the probability of producing a child ¼ AB?

WHO THE DADDY?! Mom is A and her son is B 1. Blood type O 2. blood type A 3. Blood type B

Exblack and white feathered chicken.

4. Incomplete Dominance Two different alleles of same trait combine (BLEND) to form a new allele Ex: Colors in flowers, red + whitepink

5. Polygenic traits Trait produced from many alleles on more than one chromosome Ex. Hair color, skin color, eye color, height

6. Sex linked traits Traits carried on the sex chromosomes (mostly the x chromosome) Ex. Colorblind, hemophilia Summary – 3-4 sentences or bulleted statements