Part 1

Challenges to Liberalism Related to Foreign Policy Berlin Wall 1961

Key Concept Analyze how ideological conflict shaped post-Second World War international relations

Vocabulary for Chapter# 7 Brinkmanship Cold war Containment Détente Deterrence Expansionism Liberation Movements McCarthyism Nonalignment Proxy Wars P. 236 handout

The “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

Pause and Reflect p.233 Read p. 232-33 Churchill’s metaphor—iron curtain– could have many implications on foreign policy. What meanings and implications might be associated with this term? Protective, barrier, hidden. Separating ideological differences.

Essay Question To what extent did ideological conflict affect international relations after the Second World war?

Key Concepts of the Cold War Containment: the policy whereby the USA tried to prevent communism from spreading. ( Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plans) Expansionism: A policy whereby a nation attempts to extended its political and economic influence into another region or nation. ( an economic or military policy.) Sphere of Influence: A territory or nation that falls under the exclusive influence of another, usually more powerful, nation. Text p.236 chart

Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non-aggression pact’. August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact Pg.236 fig.7-3 Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non-aggression pact’. They promised that neither country would attack the other in the event of war. As part of the deal, Hitler promised Stalin part of Poland, which he planned to invade soon.

WORLD WAR II Pg.236 fig.7-3

Attack on Poland 1939 Pg.236 fig.7-3 World War II begins Blitzkrieg: surprise and speed It took 1 month to capture Warsaw Poland disappears from the map USA declares itself neutral

France Falls 1940 Pg.236 fig.7-3 On 22 June, an armistice was signed between France and Germany, going into effect on 25 June. For the Axis, the campaign was a spectacular victory.

Battle of Britain Pg.236 fig.7-3 The Battle of Britain is the name given to the air campaign waged by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) against the United Kingdom during the summer and autumn of 1940. The objective of the campaign was to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force.

Axis Powers 1940 Pg.236 fig.7-3 Axis Powers: A Military alliance1940–1945 The Axis powers were comprised of the countries that were opposed to the Allies during World War II. The three major Axis powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—were part of a military alliance on the signing of the Tripartite Pact.

Germany Invades Russia 1941Pg.236 fig.7-3

The bombing of Pearl Harbour 1941 Pg.236 fig.7-3 The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Japanese navy against the United States' naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of Sunday, December 7, 1941 later resulting in the United States becoming militarily involved in World War II.

The Battle of Stalingrad was a battle of World War II between Nazi Germany and its allies and the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in southwestern Russia. The battle took place between 17 July 1942 and 2 February 1943. It is often cited as one of the turning points of the war. The battle was the bloodiest in the history of warfare, with combined casualties estimated at nearly two million.

The Battle for Stalingrad

D Day The Normandy Landings were the landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy, also known as Operation Overlord, during World War II. The landings commenced on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (D-Day)

Juno Beach Centre

Soviets plant their flag in the heart of Berlin

The Yalta Accords In February, 1945, Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt met again. This time the conference was held in Yalta in the Crimea. With Soviet troops in most of Eastern Europe, Stalin was in a strong negotiating position. Roosevelt and Churchill tried hard to restrict post-war influence in this area but the only concession they could obtain was a promise that free elections would be held in these countries.

The Yalta Accords Feb. 1945 Read p.237