ichep

Public lecture e u s d u u d d c c c s s t t b b b t

BANG !!

Sizes and Times 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 cm 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 - 000 000 000 000 1 sec 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 sec 1 cm 0. 000 000 000 1 sec 100 000 000 km

COBE

Dark Field

planets

the ATOM atom is another UNIVERSE

the ATOM QUANTUM Quantum atom

Atomic Nucleus electron

Atomic Nucleus Neutron Quarks Proton >

1969 Hadrons photon anti- Leptons anti- leptons mesons baryons anti- 

DESY, Hamburg

Aleph detector, CERN

(Large Hadron Collider CERN SpS & LEP * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * LHC * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * (Large Hadron Collider 2007  ··· )

Forces: the forces the ELECTRO MAGNETIC force the STRONG force Known from experiment Forces: the ELECTRO MAGNETIC force the STRONG force the WEAK force the forces

The Yang-Mills Field C.N. Yang and R.L. Mills, 1954

The Yang-Mills Field C.N. Yang and R.L. Mills, 1954

Yang - Mills quanta o o - + o + - proton neutron + o

And, neutrinos only rotate in one direction ! Just as planets and tennis balls, elementary particles may have ... Spin ! And, neutrinos only rotate in one direction ! Neutrino Anti Neutrino

According to the Yang-Mills-theory Multiplets According to the Yang-Mills-theory P N Nucleons pions Yang-Mills bosons

Peter Higgs

S.L. Glashow St. Weinberg A. Salam trio

Weinberg’s lepton model Anti – Leptons Gauge bosons Leptons Weinberg Model Higgs

The hadronic particles … Proton Lambda Antiproton Pi-plus Pi-zero

The Yang-Mills Colour Field Quantum Chromo Dynamics

u d up down c charm s s s strange t b top bottom Quark species weak strong quarks Antiquarks u d up down c charm s s s strange t b top bottom

The Standard Model g Leptons Quarks Gauge Bosons Generation I Generation II Generation III Leptons Quarks Gauge Bosons g Higgs Graviton >>>

The fourth force: Gravitation Earth

Further unification SU(3)SU(2) U(1) LEFT RIGHT SU(4)SU(2) SU(2)

Further unification SU(4)SU(2)SU(2) LEFT RIGHT

3 generations I II III

The highway across the desert Planck length : The highway across the desert GUTs Today’s Limit …

A brief history of the Universe Time "Size" Energy/part. Temperature Era Planck Grand Unification Inflation >> Desert Quarks + Leptons Hadrons Leptons Nucleosynthesis Radiation Plasma Matter

COBE

structure

fluctuations

UNIVERSE

The formation of a Black Hole horizon

Stephen Hawking’s discovery: the radiating black hole

The SuperString Theory

Utrecht University end ? ? ? ?

Total cross sections CESR DORIS PEP PETRA TRISTAN

SM incomplete the STANDARD MODEL These are the fundamental particles of our Universe As far as we know them at present … They are controlled by UNIVERSAL laws of physics … There are 26 constants of Nature 12 masses, 3 coupling strengths, 11 mixing parameters Some of these are left – right asymmetric ! And we know that this theory is incomplete …