Ch. 17.1-17.2: War Changes Society EQ: How does the Civil War change the lives of people in the North and South? Focus on differences in each region!

Calls for Emancipation Abolitionists continue to urge Lincoln to emancipate (free) slaves Lincoln did not believe he had power under Constitution to abolish slavery where it already existed Also afraid of angering 4 slave states still in Union

Lincoln’s Opinion Although Lincoln disliked slavery, his first priority was to preserve the Union. By summer of 1862 Lincoln finally decides in favor of emancipation “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it. If I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would do that also.”

Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation Document freed all slaves in Confederate territory In reality, freed very few slaves as it was difficult for Union troops to enforce law in Confederate territory Was important symbolic measure, making Civil War about liberation for North instead of preserving Union

Why Only Southern Slaves? Freeing Southern slaves weakened rebelling states in Confederacy, so it could be seen as a military tactic As commander-in-chief Lincoln has this authority Constitution did not give him power to free slaves in Union – however Lincoln asked Congress to abolish it gradually throughout land

African-American Soldiers Emancipation Proclamation also stated blacks now allowed to fight for Union By war’s end 180,000 black soldiers served in Union Army Organized in all-black regiments led by white officers Given worst jobs/positions and paid less than whites If captured usual shot or returned to slavery instead of being taken prisoner

African-American Recruiting Poster

The 54th Massachusetts Black regiment insisted on no pay 2 sons of Frederick Douglass served in regiment July 1863 led attack on Fort Wagner making 54th household name in North and increasing African – American enlistment

The Famous 54th Massachusetts

War Wears on Public NORTH (UNION) SOUTH (CONFEDERACY) Growing weary of war and its sacrifices By end of 1863 army lost 40% of men Confederate states fell into disagreement States’ rights hurting them from coordinating war effort “Copperheads” form – Lincoln’s main opponents, N Democrats wanted peace with S

More Men Needed North (Union) South (Confederacy) Draft started in March 1863 Allowed substitutes Offered $300 payment for volunteering as result only small % of men needed to be drafted Started drafting soldiers in spring 1862 Wealthy could hire substitute to serve in their place (1863 = $6,000) Southerners complained – “This is a rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”

Economic Effects of War Food shortages common in South Inflation especially in South - Over course of war prices rose 9,000% in South War production helped North industry and economy – giving advantage over South In 1861 first income tax established and new currency called “greenbacks” issued – helping Union pay for war

Women Aid War Effort Women began doing traditional jobs of men, as men away fighting 1000’s of women served on front lines as nurses Relief agencies started washing clothes, cooking, and gathering supplies for soldiers Women spies used by N and S Famous nurse, after war began the American Red Cross

Civil War Prison Camps Captured soldiers often sent to War Camps Horrible conditions, men died of disease, starvation and exposure to weather Over-crowded – GA had camp meant to hold 10,000 men but held 33,000 at one point Drinking water same as water serving as sewers Approx. 50,000 men died in war camps over course of war

Summary Write a 10 sentence summary answering the EQ questions. Remember the EQ: How does the Civil War change the livesof people in the North and South? Focus on differences in each region!