The Trial that Rocked the World John Scopes

the comprehension of the text and the language points Unit 4: Teaching Aims the comprehension of the text and the language points the paraphrase and translation of complicated sentences the appreciation of the devices of figuration the appreciation of the text

Arrangement of Unit 4 Lecture 1 background information; rhetorical devices; structure analysis; paragraphs 1 -2 Lecture 2 paragraphs from 3 to 15 Lecture 3 paragraphs from 16 to 29 Lecture 4 paragraphs from 30 to 48 Lecture 5 exercises

Unit 4(1): Procedures 1 2 3 4 Background Information Rhetorical Devices 2 Stylistic and Structure Analysis 3 Study of paras.1-2 4 Assignment 5

Background Information Religion; Charles Darwin The Monkey Trial

Religion----Three religions God :Jehovah, the Lord, the Almighty; the Creator There is only one God in heaven or maybe in the world. But the belief in God has developed into three religious sections, namely Christianity (基督教) Judaism（犹太教） Islam（伊斯兰教）

Christianity: Roman Catholic Protestant Orthodox Eastern Church Trinity: God is the Holy Father, the holy son and the holy spirit/ghost, with Jesus Christ as its incarnation.

Roman Catholic Church Strict organization: Pope Cardinal Archbishop Priest (catholic father)

They can worship God at home Protestants Not so rigorous: They can worship God at home Pastors, ministers and clergymen can get married.

Orthodox Eastern Church Worship Virgin Mary Draw cross on their chests as Roman Catholic, while Protestants do not.

Bible Testament Old Testament Genesis New Testament Gospel Fundamentalism

Bible Old Testament: Christian name for the Hebrew Bible, the first portion of the Christian Bible Genesis: first book of the Old Testament which tells the origin of the world and of man 

the distinctive Christian portion of the Bible New Testament: the distinctive Christian portion of the Bible Gospel: Greek word for good news. the first four books of the New Testament. Matthew; Mark; John; Luke 马太 马克 约翰 路加

Fundamentalism: the belief in and support of the older teachings of the Christian Church, esp. concerning the exact truth of words of the Bible, as opposed to more modern Christian thought which has been influenced by scientific knowledge. 原教旨主义（绝对相信圣经的记载为真理而排斥受科学知识所影响的现代基督教思想）-ist

Modernism: The spirit, thought, or character of modern times; a style and movement in art, architecture and literature popular in the middle of the 20th century in which modern ideas, methods and materials were used rather than traditional ones. In the text the modernists accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin that all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a common ancestor.

Charles Darwin British, world famous naturalist and biologist; originator of the theory of man’s evolution by natural selection; his best known works: Origin of Species (1859), Descent of Man (1871).

The Process of Natural Selection: “As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive, and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying conditions of life, will have a better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally selected. From the strong principle of inheritance, any selected variety will tend to propagate its new and modified form.”

Darwinism The theory of evolution asserts that all living forms, plants and animals, including Man have developed from earlier and simpler forms by processes of change and selection. The fittest survive.

Butler Act《巴特勒法》 The Monkey Trial The Butler Act was a 1925 Tennessee law forbidding public school teachers from denying the Biblical account of man’s origin. It was enacted as Tennessee Code Annotated Title 49 (Education) Section 1922

Butler Act《巴特勒法》 The law also prevented the teaching of the evolution of man from lower orders of animals in place of the Biblical account. However, the law did not prohibit the teaching of evolutionary theory for other species of plants or animals.

John Scopes(1900-1975) A high school science teacher Because of teaching evolution, he was accused of breaking the law.

Being defendant in the case “The Monkey Trial”. Being the last surviving principal in the trial, he wrote a story describing the highlights of the trial.

The trial is popular known as “ The Monkey Trial” A film “Inherit the Wind” was made of the trial.(风的传播)

John Scope: the accused; the defendant; the last surviving principal of the famous Tennessee “Monkey Trial” of 1925. Tennessee: the accusant, the plaintiff

The trial involved several distinguished lawyers, including: Clarence Darrow: Defense Counsel (辩护律师); one of America's leading criminal lawyers. William Jennings Bryan: Prosecutor; leading counsel for the prosecution, former U.S. secretary of state; three-time presidential candidate;

Counsel for the defendant Counsel for the prosecution Clarence Darrow William J. Bryan Dudley F. Malone Arthur G. Hays Tom Stewart his son

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