Rocks & Minerals ROCKS & MINERALS

Minerals must be: Naturally occurring made from non-living things (fossils & coal are made from living things that died so are not considered minerals) Not man made

Minerals must be: Solid Have a fixed shape and volume Never living- inorganic

Minerals must have: Have a definite crystal structure particles line up in a regular, repeating pattern. flat sides called faces, that meet at sharp edges and corners. http://vasichkominerals.com/

Minerals must have: A definite chemical composition Always contains certain elements in the same proportion. Almost all minerals are compounds, (two or more different elements chemically joined). http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/Students/woodhull/uraninite.html

Minerals Review All minerals must: Occur naturally in nature Inorganic solid Crystal structure Definite chemical composition http://nature.ca/museum/press/2006/pr06-02-07_minstucson_e.cfm

Properties of Minerals Hardness A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. http://www.info-diamond.co.uk

Properties of Minerals Density Minerals will have a certain density regardless of the size of the sample. Each mineral has its own density called specific gravity http://www.astronomynotes.com/cosmolgy/

Properties of Minerals Luster The way a mineral reflects light. Can be metallic or non-metallic. Shiny or dull. waxy, pearly, glassy. This is a gem stone called tourmaline it has a glassy luster

Properties of Minerals Streak The color of its powder. Not always the same as the color of the mineral. http://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/streak.htm

Properties of Minerals Color first thing noticed about minerals http://www.nmnh.si.edu/rtp/students/2004/virtualposters/poster

Rocks classification Texture Grain Minerals Color Origin of rocks http://geology.com/rock-tumbler/tumbling-rough.shtml

Rock classification Texture is how a rock looks and feels texture in rocks is determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rocks grains. ocal.wasp.uwa.edu.au/.../rock/rock16.jpeg

Rock Classification Grain Size -- large, small Shape --smooth, rough, round jagged Pattern – rows, waves, swirls, beads or random patterns http://www.union.edu/PUBLIC/GEODEPT/COURSES/geo-10/metamorphic.htm

Rock classification Mineral composition Rocks are made of more than one mineral blue.utb.edu/.../PHYS1417SPR00/Unit3Lec.html

Rock classification Color rocks come in all sorts of colors

Rock Classification Origin of rocks How were the rocks formed - magma - erosion and layering - heat and pressure

Origin of rocks Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of magma or lava Lava is magma that reaches the earth’s surface www.outreach.canterbury.ac.nz/.../igneous.jpg

Origin of rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from other rocks that are broken into small particles and moved by erosion (wind or water) The particles are squeezed or cemented together Rocks are layered www.energyinst.org.uk/education/glossary/

Origin of rocks Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks Rocks have been pushed deep into the earth’s crust Pressure from the earth above and heat from the mantle below cause them to change shape, color, grain and crystal structure http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0607/es0607page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Rock cycle http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm