Discovering Psychology Special Update For DSM-5 Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury Discovering Psychology Sixth Edition Special Update For DSM-5 Chapter 10 Personality Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10.1 Levels of Awareness and the Structure of Personality Freud believed that personality is composed of three psychological processes—the id, the ego, and the superego—that operate at different levels of awareness. If you think of personality as being like an iceberg, the bulk of this psychological iceberg is represented by the irrational, impulsive id, which lies beneath the waterline of consciousness. Unlike the entirely unconscious id, the rational ego and the moralistic superego are at least partially conscious. Figure 10.1 Levels of Awareness and the Structure of Personality Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10.1 The Major Ego Defense Mechanisms Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10.2 Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10.2 Reciprocal Determinism Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10.3 Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10.3 Eysenck’s Theory of Personality Types Hans Eysenck’s representation of the four basic personality types. Each type represents a combination of two basic personality dimensions: extraversion–introversion and neuroticism–emotional stability. Note the different surface traits in each quadrant that are associated with each basic personality type. Figure 10.3 Eysenck’s Theory of Personality Types Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10.4 The Five-Factor Model of Personality Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10.5 The Major Personality Perspectives Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10.6 Simulated MMPI-2 Items Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10.4 The 16PF: Example Questions and Profiles The 16PF, developed by Raymond Cattell, is a self-report inventory that contains 185 items like those shown in part (a). When scored, the 16PF generates a personality profile. In part (b), personality profiles of airline pilots and writers are compared. Cattell (1973) found that pilots are more controlled, more relaxed, more self-assured, and less sensitive than writers. Figure 10.4 The 16PF: Example Questions and Profiles Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers