© Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com The Phoenicians © Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com.

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© Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com The Phoenicians © Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com

Geography Phoenicia was located between the eastern Mediterranean coast and the Lebanon Mountains

Government Not a unified nation Consisted of independent city-states

Phoenicians Were Sailors Sailing No maps or modern technology Sailed beyond Gibraltar (Pillars of Hercules) Evidence that they may have circumnavigated Africa

Phoenician Colonies Sailed and colonized throughout the Mediterranean beginning circa 1000 B.C.E. Gades (Cadiz, Spain) Carthage (Tunis, Tunisia) Modern DNA testing links Israel, Lebanese, to residents of old Phoenician colonies

Trade Leading sailors and traders of ancient world They traded their: Cloth Dye (purple dye prized by kings, made from shellfish murex) Glass Pottery Traded to get: Tin (Britannia) Hides, ivory, ostrich feathers, and slaves (Africa) Gold, precious stones, and spices (India)

Alphabet Left traces of their civilization and culture where they traded Adopted and adapted Egyptian hieroglyphics into an alphabet off 22 symbols (letters) representing sounds

Review Questions Where was Phoenicia located? Where did the Phoenicians trade? What is considered to be the Phoenicians’ greatest contribution to the world?