S.I.G.F.Y. Stories: Answers to:

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S.I.G.F.Y. Stories: Answers to: Which Toothpaste to use? Where to go for Trick or Treat? Is UC Berkeley Guilty of Gender Discrimination? Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting O: Displaying Categorical Data Q: Which toothpaste is recommended by dentists? D: Called 30 dentists in Santa Rosa. A: Bar Graph & Frequency Table C: is recommended the most. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Bar Graph & Frequency Table Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Can you identify the 5 W’s and one H of his data? Why: Who: What: When: Where: How: Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

O: Relation Between Two Categorical Variables Question: Where can I get more good candies? Data: Places and Types of Candy Analyses: Frequency for each type at each place Two-way table or Contingency table Which place has more and better candies? Conclusion: gave more good candies. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting The 5 W’s of Data: Why: To decide where to trick-or-treat Who: Candies from trick-or-treat What: Type and Place When: Oct. 31, 1995 Where: School and Home Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting One H of Data: How Two sisters: 12 & 13 years old Similar looks and heights Wear the same costumes Start and end at the same time Use the same bags for candies Sort, count, and record in kitchen with mom and brother (8 years old) Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Trick or Treat? Where to go? Contingency Table Places Candy Types School Home Star-bust 12 10 Chocolates 32 9 Tootsie Rolls 56 34 Others 137 77 Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting Is UC Berkeley Guilty? O: See “Simpson’s Paradox” Q: Was there gender discrimination? D: School admission records A: You do the thinking and showing C: Tell us your team conclusions. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

A: Two-way Contingency Table Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting A: Three-Way Table: Explains Simpson’s Paradox C: Is Berkeley guilty of gender discrimination or not? Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting