Visualization CSE 694L Roger Crawfis The Ohio State University.

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Presentation transcript:

Visualization CSE 694L Roger Crawfis The Ohio State University

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. Introduction Getting acquainted - teams Current studies or major Hometown A interesting data problem 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. Outline Scientific Visualization Data Topologies and Data Sources 1D and 2D Visualization Algorithms Overview of 3D Visualization techniques Iso-contour surfaces Volume Rendering Transfer functions and segmentation (2D) Flow Visualization Algorithms (2D) 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. Outline (con’t) Volume Rendering Optical Models Algorithms Transfer Functions Global Vector Field Visualization Virtual Environments The CAVE Data or Information Visualization Overview of perceptual issues Brushing Focus + context Successes 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. What is Visualization? Understanding of data Insight into information Presentation and sharing of insights. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. Data Sources Computational Science Data Acquisition / Imaging Historical Observation Survey, Census, etc. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Data Topologies - Structured Cartesian x j+1 = xi +  Regular or Uniform x j+1 = xi + x Rectilinear or Perimeter x j+1 = x(i) 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Data Topologies - Structured Curvilinear x j+1 = x(i,j) y j+1 = y(i,j) Curves may intersect in i or j Curves may not cross in i or j i=3 i=0 j=1 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Data Topologies - Unstructured Unstructured or cell data or finite-element data Tetrahedral 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Data Topologies - Unstructured Hexahedral 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Data Topologies - Unstructured Finite-element zoo 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. New Data Topologies Improved data topologies offer huge potential for savings in computational science Hierarchical models are becoming more common 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. New Data Topologies Hierarchical Multi-Block Curvilinear N-sided Polyhedron where n>6 Multi-Grid or Adaptive Mesh Refinement 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. Working with data Reconstruction is critical Useful Image Processing operations Histogram Data mappers Region of interest selection Edge detection Noise removal or blurring 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

1D and 2D Visualization Techniques CSE 694L

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 1D Visualization y = f(x) Line Charts Curve Fitting Smoothing or Approximation 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 1D Visualization Non-cartesion coordinate systems 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Basic 2D Visualizations Scalar Data on a Regular Grid Surface plots (2D graphics) 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Visualizations Contour Lines - f(x,y) = constant 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Visualizations Psuedo Coloring 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Computer Graphics Image formats and pixel limitations Color Tables grey-scale hot to cold perceptual 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. Transfer Functions Besides the basics, most tools allow you to define your own color mappings. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Visualization Vector Fields Hedgehogs Streamlines 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 1D Visualization Vector? 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Contouring Continuous f(x,y) Use steepest decent to find zero crossing (root) of the function f(x,y)-c Follow contour from this seed point until we reach a boundary or loop back. Direction close to f  z Problems? 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Contouring Discrete Data Assume the Mean Value Thereom Assume monoticity? 1D Analogy 5 Points 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Contouring Given a quadrilateral f(x,y) = 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 <0.5 >0.5 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Three-dimensional Visualization Techniques CSE 694L

Visualization Algorithms 2D Slice planes in 3D 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Slice Planes Orthogonal to a coordinate axis Uniform Grids => image Arbitrary Specify the normal and a point Produces a 2D unstructured grid 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Slice Planes Mesh with colors at vertices 128x128x128 volume can produce over 50,000 triangles. Mesh with 2D texture coordinates Very slow if no hardware support More precise transitions Mesh with 3D texture coordinates 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2D Flip book of slices Rather than view the 2D slice in 3D, rapidly play a sequence of orthogonal slice planes in a movie loop. Sometimes difficult to build a complete mental model. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 3D Visualizations Point plots Animation can bring out the surface or pattern (MacSpin) Depth Cueing aids in the depth perception. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 3D Visualizations Spheres or cubes dispersed throughout the volume color-coded optional shape-controlled. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 3D Visualization Iso-contour surfaces 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 3D Visualization Can add information about an additional variable Here, two additional variables control the color. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 3D Visualization Volume Rendering 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 3D Visualization 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Material Classification Drebin, Carpenter and Hanrahan Material Probabilities Levoy Contour surfaces MRI data Skin versus Brain Using Texture mapping 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. Transfer Functions Maps raw voxel value into presentable entities: color, intensity, opacity... Raw-data  material (R, G, B, a, Ka, Kd, Ks,...). Material  shaded material. High gradient in the data values detects a surface and is used as a measure of its orientation. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 3D Visualization Volume Rendering can mimic contouring. Use a transfer function with an impulse at the contour level. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

What makes a good visualization? Why are some things or fields portrayed the way they are? Take map making for instance. Which of the following is “better”? 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ. 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.

Different map projections 2/24/2019 R. Crawfis, Ohio State Univ.