Case study: The Yoruba Culture group

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Case study: The Yoruba Culture group Traditional Religion in Africa

Indigenous African Religions: Nigeria Yoruba Religion (southwest Nigeria) Igbo Religion (Ibo) (south central Nigeria) Kalabari Religion (Niger Delta) Others….

Nigeria locations dominated by particular ethnic groups, of historically known for the followjng ethnic groupings.

The Yoruba (southwest Nigeria) 2nd largest ethnic group, urbanized – divided according to class and wealth. Built many kingdoms headed by an oba (king), ruled by a council of chiefs representing different lineages.

Yoruba Religion believes in the power of kings and chiefs political hierarchy intertwined with religious hierarchy Olodumare – supreme God Oduduwa-agent (16 princes > kingdoms) Orisas- intermediary gods

basis of belief Orisas – intermediary spirits nature and character Halves of the calabash –Things must remain in balance

Individual consultations Ifa- divination system, Based on a large body of religious verses – odu Religious, social, and philosophical knowledge Priest – the babalawo Interprets the odu

Ifa divination To divine, the babalawo uses a set of objects that acquire meaning when an odu (verse) becomes associated with that person. Ifa prescribes which god to honor, sacrifices to make, ceremonies to perform.

Spirit possession – mediums trained to embody the orisa Bringing the world of spirits to human life Go between two worlds Festivals for orisas orisa summoned - best suited for current problem in community life.

Yoruba masquerades – festivals or important ceremonies Gelede Festival EgungunDancer image at: naijaboi.tumblr.com/ post/3789051170/mymindspe... image at: www.arthistory-archaeology.umd.edu/ ARTHwebsit...

Approach of Christian Missionaries during the pre-colonial and colonial era Missionaries believed that Africans had no concept of religion or a supreme being. Lacked knowledge of unique social logic and cultural values, practices were baffling. Misunderstood the role of intermediary spirits and gods.