Domain 3 Flashcards (86-114) Industrialization, Reform, & Imperialism

86 Transcontinental Railroad 1869 - Built by immigrants (Chinese) Connected east and west, allowed for faster travel and trade, caused other industries to grow (steel, coal, lumber). Caused conflict with American Indians.

87 Andrew Carnegie Rags to riches example Owner of Carnegie Steel Controlled a monopoly in the steel industry by using vertical integration to drive out competition. Andrew Carnegie

88 Telegraph Invented by Samuel Morse Used Morse code to send messages through electric wires over long distances. First nationwide information transmitter. (1832) Telegraph

89 1876 - Invented the telephone to allow voice-to-voice communication over electric wires. Alexander Graham Bell

90 Thomas Edison Invented the light bulb Allowed factories to be lit and operate 24 hours a day. Illuminated buildings, streets, and neighborhoods across the US. Thomas Edison

91 John D. Rockefeller Owner of Standard Oil Company (a trust) and controlled 90 % of the oil industry in the US – making it a monopoly. Standard Oil was the most famous “big business” of the era.

Competing companies join together and turn the stock over to a group of trustees who run the separate companies as one large corporation. Example – Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company 92 Trusts

93 Created when a company has complete control over an industry. Examples of monopolies: John D Rockefeller owned 90% of the oil industry Andrew Carnegie owned 80% of the steel industry Monopolies

94. American Indian Resistance Barbed wire, railroads, and destruction of the buffalo disrupted the Plains Indians way of life. Culture clashes between white settlers and Plains Indians led to reservations, boarding schools, and a series of Indian Wars on the Great Plains.

95 Immigration Before 1890 most European immigrants were: From northern & western Europe Protestant English speaking After 1890 most European immigrants were: From eastern & southern Europe Jewish & Catholic Non-English speaking As a result these immigrants did not blend well with American culture and established ethnic neighborhoods similar to their home country. Immigration

96 -Main immigration station on the east coast (located in New York harbor) -Mostly European immigrants -Had to pass health and welfare inspections before being allowed to enter the US Ellis Island

97 -Main immigration station on the west coast (located in San Francisco Bay) -Mostly Asian immigrants -Had to pass health and welfare inspections before being allowed to enter the US Angel Island

98 American Federation of Labor (AFL) Led by Samuel Gompers United workers to fight for better working conditions, higher pay, shorter workday. Used strikes as a way to reach their goals. Made up mostly of immigrants and unskilled workers. American Federation of Labor (AFL)

99 The Progressives Supported: Efforts led to: Govt. regulation in business Protection of workers and consumers Conservation of natural resources. Efforts led to: better working conditions limitations on child labor more libraries, schools, hospitals, and parks for communities The Progressives

100 Women Progressives Goals: Example: Jane Addams and the Hull House End child labor Temperance Women’s suffrage Sanitation Educational reforms Racial equality Example: Jane Addams and the Hull House Women Progressives

101 Progressive reform efforts led to new labor laws being passed such as: Restricting child labor Minimum wage Maximum work hours Work site inspections for safety Worker’s compensation Labor Laws

Political Reforms 102 Initiative - Bill that originates with the citizens. Referendum – A vote on an initiative Recall – Citizens can remove public officials from office before their terms expire by organizing a recall election. 17th Amendment – Voters directly elect US senators

103 Conservation Movement Millions of acres of wilderness in the west were set aside for conservation. Led to the establishment of the national park system that included Yosemite (CA) and Yellowstone (WY) Conservation Movement

104 Investigative journalists who exposed the evils of society. Well known muckrakers: Upton Sinclair (food safety) Ida Tarbell (business corruption) Jacob Riis (slum conditions) Muckrakers

105 The Jungle Novel written by muckraker Upton Sinclair. Exposed poor labor practices and unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry. Led to creation of: Food & Drug Administration Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act 105 The Jungle

106 Term given to segregation laws. These laws resulted in inferior education, health care, and transportation for African-Americans. Jim Crow Laws

107 1896 - Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Jim Crow laws. Established the principle of “separate but equal”. Plessy vs. Ferguson

108 NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Fought to overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling. Sought full social and economic equality for African-Americans. NAACP

109 American Imperialism Reasons for US expansion (or imperialism): Military Power New Markets Spread Democracy American Imperialism

110 The Spanish-American War (1898) Known as “The Splendid Little War” (lasted only 16 weeks). US acquired Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Cuba (as protectorate) U.S. emerged as a great world power The Spanish-American War (1898)

111 Philippine-American War Filipinos rebelled over US control, which led to the Philippine-American war. Lasted 3 years, US won. The Philippines remained an American territory until 1946. Philippine-American War

112 Theodore Roosevelt US President remembered for: Leading the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War (1898). Being a Progressive President. Leading the conservation movement and establishing national parks system Supporting construction of the Panama Canal. Issuing the Roosevelt Corollary. Theodore Roosevelt

113 Roosevelt Corollary Policy added to the Monroe Doctrine by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt announcing that the US would act as an international police force in Latin America to protect U.S. investments and territories. “Speak softly and carry a big stick”.

114 Biggest engineering project of the era (opened in 1914) Theodore Roosevelt’s idea. Allowed shortcut between Atlantic & Pacific Oceans. Panama Canal