Colonization Super-Summary Units 2, 3, & 4 Colonization Super-Summary

Part 1: Exploration & Spanish Colonization

3) markets to sell their goods 1 What kinds of things were early explorers looking for when they left their home countries? 1) trade routes 2) riches 3) markets to sell their goods

Who were the first Europeans to come to North America? 2 Vikings Where were the Vikings from? Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland  Viking Bunny of Doom

Enter: Christopher Columbus 3 An Italian man who thought that a quicker way to Asia might be sailing west across the Atlantic He didn’t know that North & South America would be in the way

Columbus tried for 6 years to get a European ruler to listen to his plan 4 Finally, in 1492, the King & Queen of Spain agreed to sponsor his voyage, & on Aug. 3, he left Spain with 3 ships

He called the people he met there Indians 5 3 months after he left Spain, Columbus reached an island in the Caribbean He called the people he met there Indians 5 b/c he thought he was in the East Indies (Asia) Of course we now know they were actually Native Americans, and the island he reached was in the modern-day Bahamas

The next island Columbus & his men reached was a little bigger The next island Columbus & his men reached was a little bigger. They built a fort there & called the island 6 Hispaniola (modern-day Dominican Republic & Haiti) 39 men stayed there, and the rest returned to Spain with him

Columbus later made 3 more voyages to “the Indies” (the Caribbean) Why? 7 Many people in Spain really believed Columbus had reached the Indies, (Asia) so in 1493, Columbus was sent back to the new world to set up colonies

What are Colonies? Colonies: Permanent settlements controlled by a larger country

When Christopher Columbus died in 1506, 8 he was unaware that he had arrived at 2 new continents, and not Asia

Spain Builds an Empire in the Caribbean Columbus and his brothers had a short stint at governing Santo Domingo, but they didn’t do a good job Spanish rulers took control to create the new colonies Their main goals in creating the new colonies were: 1. To serve God 2. To serve the King 3. To get rich 9

The oldest Spanish town in the U.S....10 St. Augustine, FL, settled in 1565 Life there was all about mission work, which meant converting people to the Catholic religion

Missionary:11 Someone sent by a church to convert others to a different religion (Catholic) Flashback- Queen Isabella of Spain wanted Columbus to convert the people in the New World to Catholicism when he made his first voyage

Why so few unmarried Spanish women in New Spain? 12 The families in Spain didn’t want their daughters traveling so far away With few Spanish women over here, whom could the Spanish men possibly marry?

Many Spanish colonists married Native American or African American women The mixture of these ethnic groups’ traditions led to the development of Latino culture 12a

Part 2: British Colonization

1587 Roanoke the British Empire In the year _______, England made its first attempt at colonization in America at ___________, along the outer banks of North Carolina. It was an attempt to expand ______________________. 1587 13 Roanoke (empire expanding) the British Empire

One settler returned to England for goods to bring back to the colony, but when he returned 3 years later, the people he’d left behind were gone, leaving few clues as to what had happened to them 14

____________, __________ in _______. So England’s Roanoke colony was a failure, but the British still wanted to claim territory in the new world Their next attempt to claim territory in the new world resulted in the settlement of ____________, __________ in _______. 15 Jamestown Virginia 1607

Problems in Jamestown The land was a problem because it was swampy and spread disease 16a

Another problem in Jamestown: Half of the settlers didn’t do any farming to help the colony survive because they were nobles who only wanted to search for gold. Half of them eventually died from starvation or sickness 16c 16b

How did they save the colony? Captain John Smith, an English soldier, sailor, & Jamestown colonist, took charge & made several changes

What changes did he make to save the colony? 17 1. Made friends with the local Powhatan Indians 2. Set up working parties to build houses, plant crops, and bring fresh water

Jamestown grew under John Smith’s leadership, but in 1609, when war broke out between the Powhatan Indians & the colonists, Smith was 18 injured by a gunpowder burn & went back to England

What happened to Jamestown after he left? 19 The winter of 1609- 1610 = “The Starving Time,” & the population dropped from about 500 to 60 Commercial Robot Chicken

Jamestown’s Next “Hero” One new settler from England, John Rolfe, helped save the colony. 20 He found that tobacco grew well there. So they planted tobacco in every possible place & sold it to England.

Why did all these British people come here? The Roanoke settlers came to… expand the British empire The Jamestown settlers came to… make money The Pilgrims & the Puritans came for…21 religious freedom Their ships actually looked more like this:

Pilgrims & Puritans In England at the time, it was illegal to be part of any church besides the Church of England The Pilgrims and the Puritans were people who disagreed with the church of England and eventually left the country to worship they way they wanted to

The Pilgrims settled in 22 Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 Like the Jamestown colonists, they lost many people because of starvation and a harsh winter

But unlike the Jamestown colonists,23 the Pilgrims were hard workers and had better leadership

What about the Puritans? The Puritans settled24 the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 Like the Pilgrims, they survived because of their diligence and after some time to get themselves established, the colony’s population grew quickly

One very important characteristic of their colony- Everyone who lived there had to follow Puritan rules Those who didn’t could be punished (even beaten or hanged) or driven out of the colony

That’s why we have Rhode Island! Roger Williams was a minister who disagreed with the Puritans He thought people should be able to worship in their own way As you would expect, when he spoke out against the Puritan leaders, 25 they drove him out of the Mass. Bay Colony

Williams & his followers fled south in 1635 & 25a Settled Providence, the first American town to guarantee religious freedom to all settlers

26a. Circle each New England Colony 26b. Draw an X on each Middle Colony 26c. Lightly shade in each Southern Colony

Making Money fishing, shipbuilding, & trade In New England, there wasn’t enough fertile soil for large-scale farming There was, however, plenty of access to the ocean, and there were plenty of forests As a result, most of the money in New England was made through 27 fishing, shipbuilding, & trade Photo Bomb

Making Money The Middle & Southern colonies had plenty of fertile soil & long growing seasons Thus, most of their wealth came from 28 agriculture

The British Colonists Become Americans In the early 1700s, feelings of nationalism (loyalty to one’s own country) started to spread throughout the colonies

ie: they were feeling more & more like their own country Many colonists felt more loyalty to the colonies than to England ie: they were feeling more & more like their own country

What made them less like the British & more like their own country? One thing was religion 29 Many immigrants came from European countries other than England & brought new religions with them (leave some space… there’s a little bit more to write)

Religion Having many different religious groups in the colonies made people more tolerant We know this wasn’t the case in England, where it was the King’s way or the highway Name the King

Another thing that made the colonies more like their own country was trade English trade laws said that the colonists could only trade with England The colonists thought this was unfair, so they broke themselves free of England’s trade laws

So how did that make them more like their own country? 30 Trading with other countries exposed people to new customs, some of which they adopted

Part 3: French Colonization

Why Did They Come? In 1533, the King of France sent Jacques Cartier to North America to find gold, riches, & a short sea route to Asia

What Did He Find? Cartier discovered 31 the St. Lawrence River, claiming it & the surrounding land for France He called this area “New France” (very original)

The problem: France’s King Henry IV started to worry that England & other European countries were exploring the areas around New France, & he had no one there to protect the land

How do we keep New France French? The King wanted French colonists to settle there. But what was there to motivate French people to move there? The King made a deal with French merchants, which we will look at in a couple minutes Name this game show

So what was that deal the King of France made with French merchants? 32 If the merchants brought colonists to America with them, the merchants could 32 trade with the Native Americans for furs & sell them to Europeans