1) By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells? 1) digestion 2 ) hydrolysis 3) photosynthesis 4) respiration Photosynthesis takes in light energy and makes sugar (glucose) Digestion – breaks down food so that the cells can absorb the nutrients

Fermentation – is anaerobic respiration: no oxygen involved Transpiration, evaporation, precipitation and condensation all refer to WATER Photosynthesis produces oxygen Respiration oxygen is taken in

Which of the following is a producer-consumer relationship? foxes eat rabbits people eat mushrooms frogs eat flies rabbits eat grass Mushrooms are decomposers – not producers Producers are autotrophs that make their own food energy Consumers eat producers (and sometimes other consumers)

Community is comprised of any kind of living things Water, temperature and climate are not LIVING BIO=LIFE 4) The biotic component of an ecosystem is a community. b. water. b. the temperature. c. the climate.

Bromothymol Blue changes to yellow When exposed to carbon dioxide Flask 1 = Blue – photosynthesizing plant takes in carbon dioxide Flask 2 = Yellow – fish exhale carbon dioxide into the water Flask 3 = Blue – fish exhale carbon dioxide into the water and the plants take the carbon dioxide in Flask 4 = blue – nothing is happening –This is the control Key piece of information

Decomposers are worms, mushrooms – that break down dead organisms – they are found in the ground – the nutrients from the dead organisms id returned to the soil Nitrogen makes up our DNA and muscles

A really important element for all life is NITROGEN!

FOLLOW THE ARROWS! Tadpole population decreases – what they eat will increase – They eat algae – the arrow direction is from algae to tadpoles

FOLLOW THE ARROWS Nitrates go to plants Nitrogen is present in proteins and DNA (nitrogenous bases)

Photosynthesis relates to carbon as a gas – carbon dioxide – used by plants in the dark reactions CARBOhydrates are made of carbon Decay and burning stuff releases carbon dioxide All organic things are made of carbon

For secondary consumers there are 100kcal available – at each level some of the energy is lost to life processes of the consumers

Biomass is energy from living organisms Only 1 describes this decrease in available energy You are looking for an answer that describes decrease in biomass (not 2 or 3)

Absorbed means –taking in (water) – infiltration is movement INTO (roots)

Follow the arrows – all arrows lead to the decomposer! MUSHROOM

Producers = plants Primary – grasshopper and mouse Secondary consumer – scorpion, snake NO DECOMPOSER

Carbon cycle Producers incorporate chemicals from the nonliving environment into organic compounds. Consumers feed on the producers, incorporating some of the chemicals into their own bodies and releasing some back to the environment in waste products. As organisms die, decomposers break them down, further supplying the soil, water, and air with chemicals in inorganic form. The producers gain a renewed supply of raw materials for building organic matter, and the cycles continue.

At point Y – carbon is a gas (it’s in the atmosphere) as carbon dioxide So the answer is D At point X – it is a CARBOHYDRATE (solid)

Trees take in gases (carbon dioxide) during photosynthesis The answer is B