C-MYC induces the transcription of LIG3 and PARP1 in FLT3/ITD- and BCR-ABL1–positive cells. c-MYC induces the transcription of LIG3 and PARP1 in FLT3/ITD-

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c-MYC induces the transcription of LIG3 and PARP1 in FLT3/ITD- and BCR-ABL1–positive cells. c-MYC induces the transcription of LIG3 and PARP1 in FLT3/ITD- and BCR-ABL1–positive cells. A, schematic diagram of PARP1 and LIG3 promoters cloned into pGL4.10 luciferase construct. Black inverted triangles represent the putative c-MYC binding sites within each cloned promoter, and empty triangles represent c-MYC binding sites that were mutated by site-directed mutagenesis. B, ChIP-Seq data in K562 cells obtained from ENCODE show c-MYC binding to the promoters of several DSB repair genes, c-MYC targets, and genes not regulated by c-MYC. Peak heights represent the signal strength, with LIG3 and PARP1 (rectangle) exhibiting high levels of c-MYC binding similar to positive controls, CAD and CCNA2. Negative controls Fos and GRB2 are also shown. C, luciferase assays conducted in 32D, 32D/ITD, MO7e, and MO7e-BCR/ABL (MBA) cells transfected with either siRNAs against MYC (siMYC) or controls siRNA (siCtrl) and cotransfected with the LIG3 or PARP1 promoter constructs. Values shown are relative luciferase activity (FF) normalized to Renilla (RL) that served as a control for transfection efficiency. Columns represent the average of 3 independent assays and the error bar represents SD. D, c-MYC induction by qPCR analysis of mRNA from MO7e-BCR-ABL1 cells transfected with pBABE-puro-mycER and treated with either 300 nmol/L 4-OHT or ethanol (vehicle control) for the indicated times (x-axis). mRNA expression levels of LIG3, PARP1, and positive control CCDN2 (y-axis) are shown for 4-OHT–treated cells relative to vehicle controls. The inset below the graph is a representative Western blot analysis showing expression of mycER (∼97 kDa). Molecular weight (kDa) markers are shown. E, luciferase activity of transfected LIG3 and PARP1 wild-type (luc-WT) and mutant (luc-mut) promoter constructs in 293T cells co-transfected with either control pcDNA3 or pcDNA3-cmyc. The error bar represents SD. Statistical significance was determined using the Student t test. F, ChIP of LIG3 and PARP1 in MO7e-BCR-ABL1 cells. qPCR analysis of mRNA from cells immunoprecipitated with myc antibody (N-262), positive control CAD, or negative control chromosome 22 region (Ch22) or IgG antibody. Graphical representation of fold enrichment relative to IgG controls from 3 independent ChIP assays. The error bar represents SD. Statistical significance (P < 0.05) was determined using the Student t test. Nidal Muvarak et al. Mol Cancer Res 2015;13:699-712 ©2015 by American Association for Cancer Research