Gilded Age and Progressive Age

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Presentation transcript:

Gilded Age and Progressive Age Topic 12 Gilded Age and Progressive Age

After Reconstruction ended, what was the one area of life that actually saw improvement for African-Americans, and why?

Freedman’s Bureau school

Gospel of Wealth produces Philanthropy

George Peabody

Trustees of the Peabody Education Fund

John Slater created the John Slater Fund

John D. Rockefeller created the General Education Board

Anna T. Jeanes

By 1900 the number of black teachers had increased to over 28,000

The number of black schools had increased

Who was the leading black proponent of education for African-Americans, and who was his chief African-American critic? How and why did they disagree?

Booker T. Washington

Washington’s Tuskegee Institute focused on education blacks, mostly for jobs in industry and factories

W.E.B. Dubois

Niagara Movement

What economic problems were dominant around 1900 for African-Americans, and what attempts were made to improve their situation?

Black population in 1900

Poor black farmers

Increasing numbers of black factory workers (including children), but they remained at the bottom.

Jan E. Metzeliger

Elijah McCoy

Facing racism in union membership, some blacks tried to form their own unions, like this carpenter union in 1900

National Negro Business League (BTW is third from right, bottom row)

After Reconstruction, how did Southern whites try to keep African-Americans poor and powerless, and what attempts were made to help them? How successful were such attempts, and why?

The term “Jim Crow” came from a popular but racist minstrel show

The Populist Party (or People’s Party) and Tom Watson

Plessey vs. Ferguson, 1894

Hoke Smith, governor of Georgia, launched a white supremacy campaign, resulting in riots against blacks

Lynching

Why were the Progressive and Imperialist eras bad for African-Americans?

Progressive Era (1900s-WWI) idealism and reform did not extend to blacks

What organizations were formed to help African-Americans during the Progressive Era?

White liberals such as Mary White Ovington (left) and Oswald Villard (right) helped establish the NAACP

William Monroe Trotter

William Lewis Bulkley