The Effects of Hypertonic Dextrose Injection on Connective Tissue and Nerve Conduction Through the Rabbit Carpal Tunnel Yuichi Yoshii, MD, Chunfeng Zhao,

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The Effects of Hypertonic Dextrose Injection on Connective Tissue and Nerve Conduction Through the Rabbit Carpal Tunnel Yuichi Yoshii, MD, Chunfeng Zhao, MD, James D. Schmelzer, BS, Phillip A. Low, MD, Kai-Nan An, PhD, Peter C. Amadio, MD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages 333-339 (February 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.028 Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Typical force curve and indices used for the mechanical property assessment. (a) Ultimate tensile load. (b) Stiffness; the displacement at the ultimate tensile load was defined as 100% (the ultimate load displacement). The stiffness was defined by the tilt of each 10% displacement until the ultimate load displacement. *Energy absorption; the area under the shear force curve. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 333-339DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.028) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Mechanical property results. Error bar indicates 1 SD. (A) Ultimate tensile load. (B) Energy absorption. *P<.05. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 333-339DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.028) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Mechanical property results. Error bars indicate 1 SD. (A) Stiffness, with total excursion broken into 10% increments. Black bars: dextrose; white bars: saline. *P<.05. (B) Representative curve. Dark line: dextrose; light line: saline. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 333-339DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.028) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Example of SSCT histology results (HE, 20×). (A) Dextrose group. (B) Saline group. Profundus tendon, arrow: SSCT. Arrows delineate the thickness of SSCT. Scale bar indicates 1.0mm. Abbreviations: Fd, flexor digitorum; Fs, flexor digitorum superficialis tendon; N, median nerve. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 333-339DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.028) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Example of SSCT histology results (HE, 400×). (A) Dextrose group. (B) Saline group. Scale bar indicates .05mm. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 333-339DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.028) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Example of nerve histology results (toluidine blue, 400×). (A) Dextrose group. (B) Saline group. Scale bar indicates .05mm. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 333-339DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.028) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions