Kuiper and Allan Chapter 2.3 Kinds of Morphemes Kuiper and Allan Chapter 2.3

Bound and free Free morphemes are lexemes. Bound morphemes are not. e.g. arrange Bound morphemes are not. e.g. -ment

Exercise Divide the following morphemes into free and bound sets: ation, nation, pre, post, angle, ible, infra, out

Stem and affix A stem is the form of the base of a morphologically complex word to which an affix is attached.

Prefix & suffix a positional classification Prefixes come before stems. Suffixes come after stems.

Exercise Separate the affixes from the stems in the following words: trains, succeeded, lighter, predetermined, retroactive, confusions, instructional

Bound stems Not all stems are free. e.g. cran-berry presume, resume, subsume