Lesson 16.3: No End in Sight

Essential Question What major battles /events of the Civil War occurred during 1862?

Vocabulary Ulysses S. Grant – Union general who captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson Battle of Shiloh – battle near a church in Tennessee with a Union victory Cavalry – Soldiers on horseback Robert E Lee – Confederate general who ended the Union threat to Virginia

Vocabulary Seven Days Battle – Battle in Virginia with a Confederate Victory. Battle of Antietam – Known as the “Bloodiest Day in all of American history” Capture of New Orleans – Union warships used successfully in this attack.

Focus Questions Why was the seizure of Fort Henry important for the Union Army? How were the results of the Battle of Shiloh different from earlier battles in the Civil War? Why did President Lincoln refuse to fire General Grant? Why was naval power important in capturing the city of New Orleans?

Focus Questions How did the fall of New Orleans advance the Union strategy? 6. How was General Lee able to gain the advantage in the East? Why did General Lee decide to invade the North? Why was the Battle of Antietam called “The bloodiest day in all of American history”?

What we already know… Robert E. Lee had resigned from the Union army and had offered his services to the Confederacy.

What we already know… The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run made many in the North doubt whether the war could be won.

What we already know… The union strategy called for a coastal blockade. Control of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two. Third, to take the Confederate capital of Richmond

Union Victories in the West Commander of Union troops in the West was General Ulysses S. Grant stated, “ Find your enemy, hit them fast, hit them hard ,and move on.” Mayflower Compact = self rule

Union Victories in the West In 1862, Grant captured two Confederate river forts in Tennessee; Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Ft. Henry Mayflower Compact = self rule Ft. Donelson

Union Victories in the West Capturing Forts Henry and Donelson opened up a river highway into the heart of the South allowing Union gunboats and supplies to travel on the river as far south as northern Alabama. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Union Victories in the West One week later, Union troops captured Tennessee’s capital, Nashville. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Battle of Shiloh General Albert Sidney Johnston, ordered his Confederate troops to retreat to Mississippi. By early April, Grant had followed Johnston south. Grant set up camp at Pittsburg Landing to wait for additional troops from Nashville. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Battle of Shiloh Johnston decided to take the offensive and attack the Union troops before their reinforcements could arrive. On April 6, 1862, the Confederates surprised the Union troops near Shiloh Church. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh turned out to be the bloodiest battle the Civil War had yet seen. It was a Union victory, but costly to both sides. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Battle of Shiloh The number of dead and wounded Union soldiers was more than 13,000 out of 40,000! Mayflower Compact = self rule The Confederates lost nearly 11,000 out of 41,000 soldiers!

The Battle of Shiloh http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/the-battle-of-shiloh Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Battle of Shiloh Congress was shocked by the number of Union causalities at Shiloh and demanded Grant’s removal. Mayflower Compact = self rule Lincoln Simply replied, “I need this man - he fights.”

The Fall Of New Orleans In April 1862, the Confederacy took another blow when the Union fleet, led by Admiral David Farragut, captured New Orleans, the largest city in the South. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Fall Of New Orleans Rebel gunboats tried to ram the Union warships and succeeded in sinking one! Farragut’s ships had to run through cannon fire and dodge burning rafts in order to reach the city. Residents stood on the docks and cursed the Yankee invaders but were powerless to stop them. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Fall Of New Orleans Shiloh Vicksburg New Orleans Only a 150-mile stretch of the Mississippi remained in Southern hands. The Union was well on its way to achieving its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two. Shiloh Mayflower Compact = self rule Vicksburg New Orleans

The Fall Of New Orleans But guarding the remaining stretch of the Mississippi was the heavily armed Confederate fort at Vicksburg! Mayflower Compact = self rule

Lee Claims Victories in the East In June 1862, Robert E. Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia and began to turn things around. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Lee Claims Victories in the East One of the first things Lee did was to send Jeb Stuart and his cavalry to spy on McClellan’s army to find out its size. Stuart‘s men rode around the whole Union army in a few days and reported its size back to Lee

Lee Claims Victories in the East With the information from Stuart, Lee attacked McClellan’s army. The two sides clashed for a week, from June 25 to July 1, 1862, in what became known as the Seven Days’ Battles. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Lee Claims Victories in the East In late August, the Confederates won a second victory at Bull Run. Union troops withdrew back to Washington. Within just a few months, Lee had ended the Union threat in Virginia. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Lee Invades the North After his series of victories, General Lee turned his troops northward to invade the Union. He hoped a victory in the North, might cause Lincoln to talk peace. He also hoped the invasion would give Virginia farmers a break from the war during harvest season.

Lee Invades the North Lee also hoped the invasion would convince France and England that the Confederacy could indeed win the war thus getting their support. In addition the European textile industry was now hurting from the lack of Southern cotton.

Lee Invades the North People in Britain and France were starting to lean toward supporting the Confederacy, but their political leaders were not yet convinced the Confederacy could win independence.

Lee Invades the North Lee wrote to Confederate President Jefferson Davis and told him of his plans to invade the northern states . Without waiting for Davis’s response, Lee crossed the Potomac with his army and invaded Maryland in early September 1862.

Bloody Antietam Just as the Confederate forces were beginning their invasion of the North, a Union soldier found a copy of Lee’s battle plans wrapped around a bundle of cigars that were left behind at an abandoned Confederate campsite. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Bloody Antietam With a copy of Lee’s plans in his hand General McClellan launched an attack of his own against Lee’s army!

Bloody Antietam McClellan went on the attack, though he moved slowly as always. On September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland, McClellan’s army clashed with Lee’s. The resulting Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day in all of American history

Bloody Antietam By nightfall neither side gained any ground, the only difference was that about 25,000 men were dead or wounded. Lee, who lost as much as one-third of his fighting force, withdrew to Virginia.

Bloody Antietam McClellan did not follow, missing a chance to finish off the wounded Southern army. President Lincoln was so angry that he fired McClellan. http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/videos/the-battle-of-antietam