Chapter 3 Section 4: Wars of Empire

Objectives Describe the causes and major events of the French and Indian War. Analyze the causes and effects of Pontiac’s Rebellion. Summarize how the wars and their outcomes changed the relationship between Britain and the colonies.

Terms and People George Washington – young, ambitious Virginian who led colonial troops against the French in 1754 French and Indian War – a war that pitted the British and their colonial allies against the French and Indians Pontiac’s Rebellion – an Indian uprising against the British in the Ohio River valley after the French and Indian War Proclamation of 1763 – between the British and Indians, it restricted colonial settlers to east of the Appalachian Mountains

Terms and People (continued) Albany Plan of Union – 1754 plan that called on the colonies to unite under British rule and cooperate with one another in war

How did Great Britain’s wars with France affect the American colonies? A series of wars between the European empires spread to the colonies. Colonists allied with Britain fought against the French and their Indian allies.

In the French and Indian War: Most Indians fought alongside the French because they were treated with respect and generosity. The British treated Indians harshly and took their lands for farming. Overall, the Indians tried to maintain a balance of power between the French and the British.

The French and British fought over who controlled the Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes area.

At the start of the war, 1754 to 1758, the British were defeated by the French and their Indian allies. A young George Washington led an early battle against the French in 1754. The death of General Edward Braddock in a French and Indian ambush was a significant defeat for the British.

Soon groups of colonial militiamen helped the British fight the French by serving as scouts and soldiers. Rogers’ Rangers was an effective militia that included Indians fighting against the French.

In 1758 and 1759, the British interrupted the shipment of French supplies and started to win battles. Many Indians deserted the French to fight on the British side. The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the war and greatly increased British territory.

The British conquest was not good for the Indians. The British stopped supplies to the Indians. British settlers quickly moved into Indian lands in western Pennsylvania and Virginia.

The Indians rebelled. They attacked British forts and the new British settlements. They tried to weaken the British in any way they could, in order to lure the French back.

This Indian uprising called Pontiac’s Rebellion ended in 1764 This Indian uprising called Pontiac’s Rebellion ended in 1764. The British agreed settlers would remain east of the Appalachian Mountains. Tensions arose between the British and colonists after the French and Indian War.

unite the colonies under British rule. Colonial leader Benjamin Franklin drafted the Albany Plan of Union that would: unite the colonies under British rule. unite the colonies in fighting wars. create a continental assembly with delegates from each colony. Why do you think this was important?

What do you see in this image? What do you think it represents? What do you think the colonists wanted to see happen?

A snake split into several sections If the states are divided, the colonies would never survive They wanted to join to form a union in order to survive as a whole

Franklin drew this political cartoon to encourage support of colonial unity and his plan. The colonists and the British each rejected the Albany Plan for their own reasons.

The French and Indian War changed the relationship between the colonies and Great Britain. In the 1760s, the British placed new, unwanted taxes and regulations on colonists. The colonists increasingly resented the erosion of their autonomy and the involuntary tax burden.

Map Activity: Pg. 88 (2 & 3)

Section 4 Assessment Why was there so much tension/fighting between the British and French in the 1600s and 1700s? (Pg. 85-86) What was the outcome of the French and Indian War? (Pg. 86-88) What was the goal of the Native Americans in Pontiac’s Rebellion? (Pg. 89)

They fought for territory/more land The Proclamation of 1763 established the boundary line between the 2 empires Weaken the British and lure the French back into North America