Word Knowledge Pronunciation(s) Meaning(s) Grammatical category(ies) Spelling(s) (if you are literate) Relationship(s) with other similar words Idioms containing it Collocations How to use it in sentences Morphology Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 37-38.
Receptive and Productive Vocabulary
Limited Vocabulary Knowledge plan contact with vs. contact NO WITH star geyser
Vocabulary Size Number of words: 1 1/2 year old: 20-50 Six-year-old: 13,000 High school graduate: about 60,000 College student: more Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 36. Plus.
Word Boundary Problems Mairzy doats and dozy doats And liddle lamzy divey; A kiddley-divey too, Wouldn’t you? Mares eat oats and does eat oats, And little lambs eat ivy; A kid’ll eat ivy too, Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 67.
Words in Context you See you (later). Did you go? Did you eat that already? Did you eat yet? No, did you?
Dictionary Types General Monolingual Bilingual Etc Specialized For computers For business For chemistry For engineering For linguistics Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 38.
Morphology “The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed, is morphology.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 41.
Morpheme “A morpheme—the minimal linguistic sign—is thus an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning (or grammatical function) that cannot be further analyzed.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 42.
Examples of Morphemes 1 boy 1 desire 2 boy ish 2 desire able 3 boy ish ness 3 desire able ity 4 gentle man li ness 4 un desire able ity 7? anti dis establish ment ari an ism Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 41-42.
Bound Morphemes Affixes Prefixes Suffixes (Infixes) (Circumfixes) Roots Stems
Unaffixed Bound Roots “It had been a rough day, so when I walked into the party I was very chalant, despite my efforts to appear gruntled and consolate. I was furling my wieldy umbrella…when I saw her…. She was a descript person…. Her hair was kempt, her clothing shevelled, and she moved in a gainly way.” “How I Met My Wife,” by Jack Winter. The New Yorker, July 25, 1994. Reprinted in Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 47.
English Inflectional Affixes VERB -s -ing -ed -en NOUN -’s ADJECTIVE -er -est Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 51.