Essential Vocabulary: In your Interactive Notebook: Units 3/4- Lesson 5 Representative Government: Political Districts & Legislative Bodies LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What determines how each state is represented in the national legislature? How are citizens represented in local,s tate, and national government? Warm Up (in classroom): In Durham, the school you attend depends on what “district” you live in. What is a district? Why is the issue of representation so important for citizens in a democracy? Essential Vocabulary: Representation Redistricting Census Gerrymandering Constituent Public Hearings 3/5 compromise Grassroots organization Political district Great Compromise Bicameral House Senate Please Submit: Electoral College DBQ Essay Via Classroom PT 3.4 Executive Branch Brochure

In your Interactive Notebook: Units 3/4- Lesson 5 Representative Government: Political Districts & Legislative Bodies Class Website: www.mrggcivivcs.weebly.com DEADLINES & HOMEWORK: Lesson One: Performance Task Deadlines: Done: Premable Lesson Two: Performance Task: Dem/Republican party platforms (Done) Lesson Three: Performance Task Deadlines: Electoral College DBQ (Due Today) Lesson Four: Performance Task Deadlines: Executive Branch Brochure Lesson Five: Performance Task Deadlines: Guide to Elected Officials (Due 11/2) Unit Review Quest (Quiz/Test): 10/27 (Tomorrow) Lesson Six: Performance Task Deadlines: Model Congress Activity (Due 11/4) UNIT TEST: TUESDAY, November 10th Lesson 5 Performance Task: Students develop a guide to North Carolina Federal Officials, listing each U.S. Senator from NC, and each member of the NC Delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives. Guides Must Include: Name, party affiliation, date first elected, # of terms served, and date they next face re-election Include picture of the elected official A description of the area or district that they represent (should include a map of the district) A list of any committees that they may serve on in Congress, as well as any leadership positions held in the party structure A list from their website of their priorities, including at least one bill they are sponsoring An indication of whether their district has been gerrymandered to create a safe seat; in other words, is their election competitive in the general election? If facing a challenger, guide should indicate who their challenger is and what the current polling numbers are for the race. Guide should be digital, and may be created in google docs or google slides, or as a prezi.

A Summary: The Two Party System American politics are dominated by two major political parties. Here are some basic differences. Democratic Republican Supports social programs Supports environmental and labor regulations Believes those who make more money should pay higher taxes Generally support a woman’s right to choose, gay rights and immigration reform Want fewer government programs Believe individuals should be left to succeed/fail on their own Believe that higher taxes on the wealthy hurt job creation Generally oppose abortion, same sex marriage, and immigration reform

We live in a REPUBLIC…what’s that again? Republic = representative democracy the people ELECT leaders to make decisions about how to run the government Constituents – all the people that an elected leader represents Example: our class elects ________________ to represent us in the Hillside Congress. Every student in the class is a constituent of __________

Issues of Representation Suppose each high school in Durham gets the same amount of money, the same number of teachers, and has the same number of classrooms. BUT: One attendance zone / DISTRICT has 20,000 people in it while the other four have only 13,000. What will happen? Why? Is this a fair situation?

Political Districts every person in the country has people who are elected to REPRESENT them in Congress and their State Legislature. Everyone who lives in the SAME DISTRICT has the SAME REPRESENTATIVE Representatives must live in their own district districting clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r7qJvprHXw NC has 13 seats in Congress, & 13 Congressional districts

Constitutional Debate: REPRESENTATION Delegates disagreed over two key questions How how many votes each state would get in the legislative branch Should slaves count as part of the population of Southern states?

FIGHT OVER REPRESENTATION Virginia Plan Proposal New Jersey Plan Proposal Bicameral Legislature Bi-cameral means 2 chambers Senate House of Representatives REPRESENTATION IN BOTH THE HOUSE AND SENATE SHOULD BE based on the population of each state More people = more votes in Congress Unicameral Legislature One chamber: SENATE ONLY EACH STATE WOULD HAVE ONE SENATOR, regardless of the size of the state EVERY STATE HAS EQUAL POWER

Small States Opposed the Virginia Plan NEW JERSEY PLAN Feared that states with large populations would have too much power NEW JERSEY PLAN Alternative to VA plan

Great/CT Compromise Combines VA Plan and NJ Plan Created Bi-cameral legislature with 2 houses Upper House: The Senate all states are equal; 2 vote for every state Lower House: House of Representatives Based on population; more populous states have more votes

The Census Constitution requires a census every 10 years Census – counting up every person in the country based on where they live WHY THE CENSUS MATTERS: Representation in the House is based on population The Census tells us how many members of Congress each state should get

Representation & Slavery Northern States Southern States Some northerners wanted to abolish slavery It violated the principles in the Declaration of Independence People felt it was wrong Southern delegates said the southern economy would be ruined without slavery Threatened to stay independent or form their own nation if the Constitution banned slavery

Represntation & Slavery The North wants to count slaves as property so that they can collect high taxes from southern slave owners The South wants to count slaves as population so that they would have more votes in congress

The 3/5 Compromise Agreement to count slaves in the census as 3/5 of a free person Southern slave owners do pay some taxes on their slaves, BUT Slave population does increase southern voting power in congress Slave trade must end in 1820 Only stops the importation of new slaves

Why do Districts Matter? They can determine elections. These are the rules: Population equality Every district should have about the same number of people in it One person, one vote District should be contiguous using natural boundaries as divisions Example: use rivers or mountain ranges to separate districts Maintain communities of interest A city or county should be part of the same district, EXAMPLE: don’t put people from Durham and Charlotte in the same District Avoid having one person represent both urban and rural areas

Essential Vocabulary: In your Interactive Notebook: Units 3/4- Lesson 5 Representative Government: Political Districts & Legislative Bodies LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What determines how each state is represented in the national legislature? How are citizens represented in local,s tate, and national government? Warm Up (in classroom): Read & complete the handout you got as you came in. You will use it AND yesterday’s notes to play a kahoot in 10 minutes. Today’s Plan: Warm Up & Kahoot Bicameral Legislatures Quiz (lessons 1-5) Essential Vocabulary: Representation Redistricting Census Gerrymandering Constituent Public Hearings 3/5 compromise Grassroots organization Political district Great Compromise Bicameral House Senate Please Submit: Electoral College DBQ Essay (late) Via Classroom PT 3.4 Executive Branch Brochure (late)

In your Interactive Notebook: Units 3/4- Lesson 5 Representative Government: Political Districts & Legislative Bodies Class Website: www.mrggcivivcs.weebly.com DEADLINES & HOMEWORK: Lesson One: Performance Task Deadlines: Done: Premable Lesson Two: Performance Task: Dem/Republican party platforms (Done) Lesson Three: Performance Task Deadlines: Electoral College DBQ (Due Today) Lesson Four: Performance Task Deadlines: Executive Branch Brochure Lesson Five: Performance Task Deadlines: Guide to Elected Officials (Due 11/2) Unit Review Quest (Quiz/Test): 10/27 (Tomorrow) Lesson Six: Performance Task Deadlines: Model Congress Activity (Due 11/4) UNIT TEST: TUESDAY, November 10th Lesson 5 Performance Task: Students develop a guide to North Carolina Federal Officials, listing each U.S. Senator from NC, and each member of the NC Delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives. Guides Must Include: Name, party affiliation, date first elected, # of terms served, and date they next face re-election Include picture of the elected official A description of the area or district that they represent (should include a map of the district) A list of any committees that they may serve on in Congress, as well as any leadership positions held in the party structure A list from their website of their priorities, including at least one bill they are sponsoring An indication of whether their district has been gerrymandered to create a safe seat; in other words, is their election competitive in the general election? If facing a challenger, guide should indicate who their challenger is and what the current polling numbers are for the race. Guide should be digital, and may be created in google docs or google slides, or as a prezi.

LEGISLATIVE Bodies To “legislate” means “to make laws”. A “LEGISLATOR” is an individual elected to represent the people FROM THEIR DISTRICT in making laws A “LEGISLATURE” or “legislative body” is made up of every individual LEGISLATOR from each political district Examples: The United States Congress – makes policy for the U.S. Is BICAMERAL (two chambers: House & Senate) NC General Assembly – makes policy for North Carolina Is BICAMERAL: State Senate ; State House Durham County Commission makes policy for a County Durham City Council makes policy for the CITY of Durham Durham County School Board – sets policy for schools

U.S. Congress: A Bicameral Legislature U.S. Senate U.S. House of Representatives 100 seats: current breakdown 54 Republicans-Majority Party Mitch McConnel (KY) is republican majority leader 44 Democrats Minority Party 2 independents (caucus with democrats 435 seats (13 for North Carolina) current breakdown 246 Republicans (Majority) House Speaker: Paul Ryan (WI) 188 Democrats (Minority) 1 seat vacant Each seat elected every 2 years Incumbent: person already in office running for re-election

North Carolina General Assembly: A Bicameral Legislature State House State Senate 120 NC State House Districts At large or single member districts? 50 NC State Senate Districts At large or single member districts?

Review: Redistricting Redistricting – every 10 years after the census, the State Legislature redraws the lines for all the State and Federal election districts This determines what neighborhoods are represented by which politicians at the state and federal levels

Gerrymandering What’s that? DRAWING ELECTION DISTRICTS TO FAVOR ONE POLITICAL PARTY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJCaWCgbASI

Quick Think (in google form) Why is it important to update your voter registration if you move from one address to another? Your address determines which political districts you live in. if you move, you might be voting in different political races for different candidates than you used to

Quiz & Next Steps Quiz: Constitutional Structure Political Parties Conservative / Liberal Major parties / minor parties Presidential Elections Primary Elections General Elections Executive Branch Powers FIRST: Take your quiz by following the link in google classroom. Should take about 10-15 minutes. AFTER QUIZ Take out Review Packet Do it through Lesson 5 Do you have any missing work? Do it: Electoral College Essay PT 3.4 - Brochure

Your Options Work on: www.redistrictinggame.org www.icivics.org Review Packet Through Lesson 5 Performance Tasks that you owe / mising work www.redistrictinggame.org Try to folllow the instructions and gerry mander a district www.icivics.org Play games: Win the White House Executive Command

Essential Vocabulary: In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 4 - Lesson 2 (CONTINUED) Political Districts, Elections, & Voting Procedures LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How are local, state, and national elections administered? Warm Up (Complete on paper) Draw a map twice of the same area. Then use it to show the difference between at-large and single-member districts. Include a caption. If you prefer, you may write an explanation as well. 3 paragraphs on party platforms late? Turn them in NOW please  Essential Vocabulary: Partisan Elections Board of Education Nonpartisan Elections State Judge Elections At-large election Voter registration process Single Member District Voter turnout Constituent Voter apathy City Council Early voting County Commission Absentee ballot

Types of Political Districts At Large Districts Single Member Districts Every voter in the entire city/county votes for an office Elected official represents ALL voters; EVERYONE is a constituent Example: 5 seats on county commission Each voter votes for 5 people. Top five vote earners win the seats City/county is divided into separate areas (called districts) Each district picks its own representative Elected officials represent ONLY their own district EXAMPLE: 5 seats on county commission 5 districts within the county Each voter votes for ONE person from their district. Winner in each district gets seat on commission

Quick Think (in google form) Do you think at-large districts or single member districts are better? Which would make it more likely that elected officials listen to and respond to their constituents? Why?

At Large or Single Member district?

Essential Vocabulary: In your Interactive Notebook: Units 3/4- Lesson 5 Representative Government: Political Districts & Legislative Bodies LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What determines how each state is represented in the national legislature? How are citizens represented in local,s tate, and national government? Warm Up: List two specific planks in the Democratic Party Platform List two planks in the Republican Party Platform ANSWER AT THIS LINK in Classroom Essential Vocabulary: Representation Single Member District Census Constituent 3/5 compromise City Council Political district County Commission Great Compromise Board of Education Bicameral State Judge Elections House Senate Voter registration process Partisan Elections Voter turnout Voter apathy Nonpartisan Elections Early voting Absentee ballot At-large election

Other Elected Offices County Sheriff District Attorney – chief prosecutor for the County North Carolina Judges: Supreme Court Court of Appeals Superior Court District Court

HOW DO I VOTE? BEFORE THE ELECTION: VOTING ON ELECTION DAY Must REGISTER to Vote at least 30 days before election A U.S. Citizen Resident of the state for at least 30 days before the election 18+ years old Not currently serving a felony sentence Mentally competent Must update voter registration if you change addresses ON ELECTION DAY Other Voting Requirements: Must have photo-ID when voting VOTING ON ELECTION DAY at your precinct (local voting place) Early Voting Vote at central locations in the two weeks before an election Allows people more flexibility Absentee Ballots request by mail if you will be out of town for the election

Partisan v. Nonpartisan Elections Ballot shows what political party each candidate represents Parties decide what candidate it wants on the ballot Independent candidates can gather signatures No mention of political party Candidates gather signatures to get on the ballot EXAMPLES: Judges School Board Fewer voters participate in non-partisan elections because: They haven’t researched the candidates Don’t have party labels to rely on (can’t just pick whatever D or R is there) They may think these elections are less important

Pros and Cons of Non-partisan elections More about the person running and less about their political party Gives more of a chance to people that aren’t members of a major party Cons: Uninformed voters don’t know how to decide Ballot position can be a decisive factor EG: 1st name on ballot gets the most votes; the 5th name gets totally overlooked Parties organize to support the people they like anyway, it’s just not officiall

Election Too Close to Call? Runoff Elections Some places require candidates to get 50%+1 of the vote to win. If 3 or more candidates split the vote and no one reaches 50%, a RUNOFF election is held between just the top two vote getters Happened in Wake County school board election Recounts If the popular vote is super close (less than 1%), there is an automatic recount of the votes to make sure no mistakes were made

Quick Write : Use Google Form What is the difference between a “partisan” and “non-partisan” election? What elected bodies or offices are non-partisan? Should we make all elections partisan or keep non-partisan elections? Explain your opinion.

Voter Targeting & Strategy The Voter File The state keeps a record of who votes in each election Information includes: Voters age, address, (& phone # if listed on voter registration form) Date of each election the person voted in Indicates whether the person is a reliable voter likely to vote in every election, or an unreliable voter that only participates in presidential elections, etc. Party affiliation (Democrat, Republican, Unaffiliated, etc.) Voter file is a public record: anyone can buy it from the state

Voter Targeting & Strategy Candidates, Political Parties, & other groups USE THE VOTER FILE to decide which voters to target for turnout Voter turnout measures which people actually show up to vote Two basic strategies: turnout your core voters Dem’s focus on getting unlikely D’s the polls; R’s focus on getting R’s out Persuasion: focus on gaining support from unafiliated voters Unaffiliateds are considered “swing” voters. Whichever party they end up supporting usually wins the election

Voter Targeting & Strategy How do campaigns identify voters? Phone banking – calling voters to ask if they can be counted on to support a candidate Canvassing – knocking on doors to talk with voters about issues and convince them to support a candidate Direct Mail – sending campaign propaganda to voter’s addresses (to be effective, this usually requires at least 3-4 pieces of mail per election cycle) Voters are ranked on a 1-5 scale: 1 definite support; 2 – likely support; 3 – undecided; 4 – likely oppose; 5 – definite oppose Results of phone calls and canvass are data-entered in the voter file & saved for future use

Voter Apathy Many people don’t care about voting at all

Causes of Voter Apathy Don’t like Democrats or Republicans Don’t think anything will ever change Don’t see what the election has to do with them

Quick Think (in google form) What are some reasons that voters may be apathetic?

ACTIVITY Choose a flexible format (written, cartoon, etc.) to respond to the following questions: Suppose you are running for office. How would you use the voter file to help in your campaigning? How would you combat voter apathy and convince people that YOU are worth voting for?

AND NOW…review Kahoots!! After the kahoot – vocab quiz time!   AND NOW…review Kahoots!!

Structured Reivew: Log into Schoolnet & access your test scores for: Unit 2a Test Pull up your test as I review challenging quesitons with the full class Unit 3 Test

Work & Review Time: Work on Review Packet if you are Done with this. FORMAT OPTION ONE: Write your ACECES Paragraphs (the lesson 1 PT) What are the core beliefs of the Democratic Party? 2 specific examples What are the core beliefs of the Republican Party? Are you more of a Democrat, a Republican or neither? 2 Specific examples FORMAT OPTION TWO: Pick three issues we have studied. Issue #1: Describe it What do liberals / democrats believe? What do Conservatives / Republicans believe? What do you believe? Issue 2: same format Issue 3: same format